A novel somatic mutation in POLE exonuclease domain associated with ultra-mutational signature and MMR deficiency in endometrial cancer: a case report.

Background: Defect in proofreading exonuclease activity of polymerases epsilon and delta (Pols ε and δ) leads to mutagenesis and genomic instability and has been described in several cancer types. Somatic POLE exonuclease domain mutations (EDMs) have been reported in 7-12% endometrial cancers (ECs) and defined a subgroup of endometrial cancers with ultrahigh somatic mutation frequencies, high tumor infiltrated lymphocytes and favorable outcomes.

Case Presentation: Herein, we presented a novel somatic mutation in POLE exonuclease domain associated with ultra-mutational signature and MMR deficiency in endometrial cancer.

Binding Gibbs energy of ionic liquids to calf thymus DNA: a fluorescence spectroscopy study.

The binding constants and binding Gibbs energies of [C(n)mim]Br (n = 4, 6, 8, 10, 12) and [C(4)mim][BF(4)] to calf thymus DNA-D1501 have been determined by the fluorescence measurements of the pyrene probe. It was found that values of the binding Gibbs energy decrease linearly with the increase of alkyl chain length of the ILs. Based on this observation, Gibbs energies for both the interaction between DNA and -CH(2)- of the ILs and the interaction between DNA and the cationic head group of the ILs have been reported.

Structural effects of anions and cations on the aggregation behavior of ionic liquids in aqueous solutions.

The formation of ionic liquids aggregates in aqueous solution is of great importance to the future applications of ionic liquids. In this work, aggregation behavior of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium salts [C8mim]X (X = Cl, Br, [NO3], [CH3COO], [CF3COO], [CF3SO3], and [ClO4]), 1-octyl-4-methylpyridinium bromide (4m-[C8pyr]Br), and 1-methyl-1-octylpyrrolidinium ([C8mpyrr]Br) has been investigated in aqueous solutions by conductivity, volume, fluorescence, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy. The critical aggregation concentration (CAC), ionization degree of the aggregates alpha, the standard Gibbs energy of aggregation deltaG(m)degrees, the average aggregation number N, the apparent molar volumes at critical aggregation concentration V(phi,CAC), the apparent molar volumes in aggregation phase V(phi)mic, and the change of the apparent molar volumes upon aggregation deltaV(phi,m), have been derived from the experimental data for these ionic liquids.