Coexistence of 11 Tbps (110×100 Gbps) classical optical communication and quantum key distribution based on single-mode fiber.

Integrating quantum key distribution (QKD) with classical optical communication is a deployment-friendly and cost-effective approach to advancing QKD network implementation. However, the noise introduced by intense classical signals into the quantum channel severely impacts the performance of the QKD system, presenting challenges for long-distance coexistence transmission. In this paper, we successfully demonstrate the simultaneous propagation of QKD and optical transport network (OTN) in the C-band over distances exceeding 100 km.

Copper-Catalyzed C4-selective Carboxylation of Pyridines with CO via Pyridylphosphonium Salts.

Pyridine motifs are widespread pharmacophores in many drugs. Installing various substituents through pyridine C-H bond functionalization is significant for new drug design and discovery. Developments of late-stage functionalization reactions enrich the strategies for selective functionalization of pyridines.

Diethylzinc-promoted carboxylation of aryl/alkenyl boronic acids with CO.

The carboxylation of aryl and alkenyl boronic acids with CO is rarely studied and only achieved using copper salts as the catalyst in the presence of a strong base. Herein, we report a diethylzinc-promoted carboxylation of aryl or alkenyl boronic acids with carbon dioxide. The reaction does not require a transition-metal catalyst, and has simple and mild conditions and a broad substrate scope.

Time-bin phase-encoding quantum key distribution using Sagnac-based optics and compatible electronics.

In this work, we present a new time-bin phase-encoding quantum key distribution (QKD), where the transmitter utilizes an inherently stable Sagnac-type interferometer, and has comparable electrical requirements to existing polarization or phase encoding schemes. This approach does not require intensity calibration and is insensitive to environmental disturbances, making it both flexible and high-performing. We conducted experiments with a compact QKD system to demonstrate the stability and secure key rate performance of the presented scheme.

Field test of quantum key distribution over aerial fiber based on simple and stable modulation.

We have developed a simple time-bin phase encoding quantum key distribution system, using the optical injection locking technique. This setup incorporates both the merits of simplicity and stability in encoding, and immunity to channel disturbance. We have demonstrated the field implementation of quantum key distribution over long-distance deployed aerial fiber automatically.

Coexistence of 1 Tbps classical optical communication and quantum key distribution over a 100.96 km few-mode fiber.

The integration of quantum key distribution (QKD) and classical optical communication has attracted widespread attention. In this Letter, we experimentally demonstrate a real-time co-propagation of 1 Tbps for 10 classical channels with one discrete-variable QKD channel in the weakly coupled few-mode fiber (FMF). Based on the selection of optimal device parameters and wavelength assignment of classical channels, as well as the optimization of equipment performance, a secure key rate of as high as 2.

Experimental Mode-Pairing Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution without Global Phase Locking.

In the past two decades, quantum key distribution networks based on telecom fibers have been implemented on metropolitan and intercity scales. One of the bottlenecks lies in the exponential decay of the key rate with respect to the transmission distance. Recently proposed schemes mainly focus on achieving longer distances by creating a long-arm single-photon interferometer over two communication parties.

Ruthenium(II)-Catalyzed Grignard-Type Nucleophilic Addition of C(sp)-H Bonds to Unactivated Aldehydes.

The Grignard-type nucleophilic addition of C(sp)-H bonds to aldehydes catalyzed by high-oxidation-state transition metal complexes is limited to activated aldehydes. Herein, we report the first example of Grignard-type nucleophilic addition of C(sp)-H bonds to unactivated aldehydes catalyzed by high-oxidation-state ruthenium(II). The reaction has mild reaction conditions and good functional group tolerance.

Copper-Catalyzed Carboxylation of Aryl Thianthrenium Salts with CO.

Carboxyl group is one of the most widely used groups in organic synthesis. Herein, an efficient copper-catalyzed carboxylation of aryl thianthrenium salts with carbon dioxide (CO ) at room temperature has been developed. The reaction employs low loading of cuprous chloride catalyst under 1 atm CO and exhibits good functional group tolerance.

Practical quantum access network over a 10 Gbit/s Ethernet passive optical network.

Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides an information-theoretically secure method to share keys between legitimate users. To achieve large-scale deployment of QKD, it should be easily scalable and cost-effective. The infrastructure construction of quantum access network (QAN) expands network capacity and the integration between QKD and classical optical communications reduces the cost of channel.

All optical metropolitan quantum key distribution network with post-quantum cryptography authentication.

Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides information theoretically secure key exchange requiring authentication of the classic data processing channel via pre-sharing of symmetric private keys to kick-start the process. In previous studies, the lattice-based post-quantum digital signature algorithm Aigis-Sig, combined with public-key infrastructure (PKI), was used to achieve high-efficiency quantum security authentication of QKD, and we have demonstrated its advantages in simplifying the MAN network structure and new user entry. This experiment further integrates the PQC algorithm into the commercial QKD system, the Jinan field metropolitan QKD network comprised of 14 user nodes and 5 optical switching nodes, and verifies the feasibility, effectiveness and stability of the post-quantum cryptography (PQC) algorithm and advantages of replacing trusted relays with optical switching brought by PQC authentication large-scale metropolitan area QKD network.

Sending or Not-Sending Twin-Field Quantum Key Distribution with Flawed and Leaky Sources.

Twin-field quantum key distribution (TF-QKD) has attracted considerable attention and developed rapidly due to its ability to surpass the fundamental rate-distance limit of QKD. However, the device imperfections may compromise its practical implementations. The goal of this paper is to make it robust against the state preparation flaws (SPFs) and side channels at the light source.

Field Test of Twin-Field Quantum Key Distribution through Sending-or-Not-Sending over 428 km.

Quantum key distribution endows people with information-theoretical security in communications. Twin-field quantum key distribution (TF-QKD) has attracted considerable attention because of its outstanding key rates over long distances. Recently, several demonstrations of TF-QKD have been realized.

Rhodium(III)-catalyzed C4-amidation of indole-oximes with dioxazolones C-H activation.

A novel method for the Rh(iii)-catalyzed oxime-directed C-H amidation of indoles with dioxazolones has been developed. This strategy provides an exclusive site selectivity and the directing group can be easily removed. This transformation features a wide substrate scope, good functional group tolerance and excellent yields, and may serve as a significant tool to construct structurally diverse indole derivatives for the screening of potential pharmaceuticals in the future.

Ruthenium(II)-Catalyzed α-Fluoroalkenylation of Oxime Ethers with -Difluorostyrenes C-H Activation and C-F Cleavage.

A novel route for ruthenium(II)-catalyzed α-fluoroalkenylation of oxime ethers with -difluorostyrenes C-H activation and C-F cleavage has been developed for the first time. Notably, the alkenyl units of products exhibit exclusive Z-configuration. This reaction features a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance.

Photocatalytic degradation of microcystin-LR by modified TiO photocatalysis: A review.

Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), the most toxic and commonly encountered cyanotoxin, is produced by harmful cyanobacterial blooms and potentially threatens human and ecosystems health. Titanium dioxide (TiO) photocatalysis is attracting growing attention and has been considered as an efficient, environmentally friendly and promising solution to eliminate MC-LR in the aquatic ecosystems. Over recent decades, scientific efforts have been directed towards the understanding of fundamentals, modification strategies, and application potentials of TiO photocatalysis in degrading MC-LR.

Long-distance transmission of quantum key distribution coexisting with classical optical communication over a weakly-coupled few-mode fiber.

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is one of the most practical applications in quantum information processing, which can generate information-theoretical secure keys between remote parties. With the help of the wavelength-division multiplexing technique, QKD has been integrated with the classical optical communication networks. The wavelength-division multiplexing can be further improved by the mode-wavelength dual multiplexing technique with few-mode fiber (FMF), which has additional modal isolation and large effective core area of mode, and particularly is practical in fabrication and splicing technology compared with the multi-core fiber.

Biodegradation of microcystin-RR and nutrient pollutants using Sphingopyxis sp. YF1 immobilized activated carbon fibers-sodium alginate.

A novel biological material named activated carbon fibers-sodium alginate@Sphingopyxis sp. YF1 (ACF-SA@YF1) was synthesized for microcystin-RR (MC-RR) and nutrient pollutant degradation in eutrophic water. The synthesized biomaterial was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

2-Amino-5,6-difluorophenyl-1-pyrazole-Directed Pd Catalysis: Arylation of Unactivated β-C(sp)-H Bonds.

Palladium-catalyzed arylation of unactivated β-C(sp)-H bonds in carboxylic acid derivatives with aryl iodides is described for the first time using 2-amino-5,6-difluorophenyl-1-pyrazole as an efficient and readily removable directing group. Two fluoro groups are installed at the 5- and 6-position of the anilino moiety in 2-aminophenyl-1-pyrazole, clearly enhancing the directing ability of the auxiliary. In addition, the protocol employs Cu(OAc)/AgPO (1.

Experimental demonstration of counterfactual quantum communication.

Quantum effects, besides offering substantial superiority in many tasks over classical methods, are also expected to provide interesting ways to establish secret keys between remote parties. A striking scheme called "counterfactual quantum cryptography" proposed by Noh [Phys. Rev.

A novel compact real time radiation detector.

A novel compact real time radiation detector with cost-effective, ultralow power and high sensitivity based on Geiger counter is presented. The power consumption of this detector which employs CMOS electro circuit and ultralow-power microcontroller is down to only 12.8 mW.

A simulation study of the DQE of a linear plastic scintillating fiber array for hard gamma-rays.

The detector quantum efficiency (DQE) of a linear plastic scintillating fiber (PSF) array coupled with a charge-coupled device (CCD) for hard gamma-ray imaging is studied using a Monte Carlo simulation. The focus is on the energy from a few MeV to about 12 MeV. The excellent characteristic of PSF offers a method to balance the detection efficiency and spatial resolution.

MeV X-ray imaging using plastic scintillating fiber area detectors: a simulation study.

Due to their low cost, flexibility, and convenience for long distance data transfer, plastic scintillating fibers (PSFs) have been increasingly used in building detectors or sensors for detecting various radiations and imaging. In this work, the possibility of using PSF coupled with charge-coupled devices (CCD) to build area detectors for X-ray imaging is studied using a Monte Carlo simulation. The focus is on X-ray imaging with energy from a few 100 keV to about 20 MeV.