Efficacy and Safety of Switching Between Anti-CGRP Monoclonal Antibodies: A Detailed Monthly and Long-term Follow-up Study and Literature Review.

Objective Switching from one anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibody (CGRP mAb) to another can be beneficial for treating patients with migraine who do not respond well to the first CGRP mAb. However, detailed and long-term follow-up reports of both efficacy and safety remain insufficient. We conducted a case-series analysis of patients with migraine who switched from galcanezumab to erenumab, both belonging to the class of CGRP mAbs.

Effects of passive smoking on cortical spreading depolarization in male and female mice.

Background: Patients with migraine are typically advised to avoid passive smoking because it may aggravate headaches and other health conditions. However, there is insufficient high-quality evidence on the association between passive smoking and migraine, which warrants further investigation using animal models. Therefore, using a mouse model, we examined the effect of passive smoking on susceptibility to cortical spreading depolarization (CSD), the biological basis of migraine with aura.

Long-term treatment with lasmiditan in patients with migraine: post hoc analysis of treatment patterns and outcomes from the open-label extension of the CENTURION randomized trial.

Background: The objective of this analysis was to gain new insights into the patient characteristics and other factors associated with lasmiditan usage and clinical outcomes under conditions resembling the real-world setting.

Methods: This was a post hoc analysis of data from the 12-month, open-label extension (OLE) of the phase 3, double-blind, randomized, controlled CENTURION trial, which examined the efficacy and safety of lasmiditan as acute treatment across four migraine attacks. Patients completing the main study who treated ≥ 3 attacks could continue in the OLE.

In Search of More Leaps to Realize the Precision Medicine of Migraine.

Migraine, clinically characterized by recurrent headache attacks of moderate-to-severe intensity, is the second most disabling disease in terms of years lived with disability [...

Galcanezumab Efficacy Through the Dosing Interval in Japanese Patients with Episodic Migraine: Post Hoc Analysis of a Phase 2 Randomized Trial.

Introduction: The efficacy and safety of galcanezumab as a preventive treatment in Japanese patients with episodic migraine was demonstrated in a phase 2, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (conducted December 2016-January 2019). This post hoc analysis assessed the consistency of galcanezumab efficacy through the monthly dosing interval.

Methods: Patients with 4-14 migraine headache days/month were randomized (2:1:1, stratified by baseline migraine frequency) to subcutaneous placebo (n = 230), 120-mg galcanezumab (with 240-mg loading dose; n = 115) or 240-mg galcanezumab (n = 114) once monthly for 6 months.

Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide mRNA Synthesis in Trigeminal Ganglion Neurons after Cortical Spreading Depolarization.

Migraine is a debilitating neurovascular disorder characterized by recurrent headache attacks of moderate to severe intensity. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (GGRP), which is abundantly expressed in trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons, plays a crucial role in migraine pathogenesis. Cortical spreading depolarization (CSD), the biological correlate of migraine aura, activates the trigeminovascular system.

Novel partial deletions, frameshift and missense mutations of CSF1R in patents with CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy.

Background And Purpose: Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R)-related leukoencephalopathy is an adult-onset leukoencephalopathy caused by mutations in CSF1R. The present study aimed to explore the broader genetic spectrum of CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy in association with clinical and imaging features.

Methods: Mutational analysis of CSF1R was performed for 100 consecutive patients with adult-onset leukoencephalopathy.

Real-world evidence of galcanezumab for migraine treatment in Japan: a retrospective analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of galcanezumab in patients with migraine in a real-world setting in Japan.

Background: Galcanezumab is the first anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibody approved in Japan. To the best of our knowledge, no real-world studies on galcanezumab have been published in any international journal from Japan.

Sustained Effects of CGRP Blockade on Cortical Spreading Depolarization-Induced Alterations in Facial Heat Pain Threshold, Light Aversiveness, and Locomotive Activity in the Light Environment.

A migraine is clinically characterized by repeated headache attacks that entail considerable disability. Many patients with migraines experience postdrome, the symptoms of which include tiredness and photophobia. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (GGRP) is critically implicated in migraine pathogenesis.

Galcanezumab Effects on Migraine Severity and Symptoms in Japanese Patients with Episodic Migraine: Secondary Analysis of a Phase 2 Randomized Trial.

Introduction: Galcanezumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against calcitonin gene-related peptide, is a preventive migraine treatment. In global, randomized, placebo-controlled trials, galcanezumab reduced migraine headache severity and the frequency of migraine headaches associated with nausea and/or vomiting, photophobia and phonophobia, prodromal symptoms, or aura. We report secondary analyses from a Japanese phase 2 trial that assessed the effect of galcanezumab on migraine headache severity, frequency of migraine-associated symptoms, and frequency of migraine headaches during menstrual periods in Japanese patients with episodic migraine.

Early Onset and Maintenance Effect of Galcanezumab in Japanese Patients with Episodic Migraine.

Purpose: This study aimed to extensively evaluate the onset and maintenance effect of galcanezumab compared with placebo for the prevention of episodic migraine in Japanese patients.

Patients And Methods: This was a post-hoc analysis of a Phase 2, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted between December 2016 and January 2019 (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02959177).

Evaluation of [F]PI-2620, a second-generation selective tau tracer, for assessing four-repeat tauopathies.

Tau aggregates represent a key pathologic feature of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, PET probes have been developed for detection of tau accumulation; however, they are limited because of off-target binding and a reduced ability to detect tau in non-Alzheimer's disease tauopathies. The novel tau PET tracer, [F]PI-2620, has a high binding affinity and specificity for aggregated tau; therefore, it was hypothesized to have desirable properties for the visualization of tau accumulation in Alzheimer's disease and non-Alzheimer's disease tauopathies.

Incidence of headache after COVID-19 vaccination in patients with history of headache: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Headache is an adverse event of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. Whether patients with history of headache suffer more from vaccination-induced headaches is unknown. We aimed to uncover if headache patients develop more headaches after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination than healthy controls.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on migraine in Japan: a multicentre cross-sectional study.

Objectives: To assess the impacts of social situation changes due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on headache-related disability and other symptoms in patients with migraine in Japan.

Methods: We conducted a multicentre, cross-sectional study including 659 outpatients with migraine diagnosed by headache specialists. The participants were asked about the impacts of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic on headache-related disability, headache days, headache intensity, stress, physical activity, hospital access and their work and home lives.

[Application of CGRP-Related Monoclonal Antibodies in Migraine Management].

Migraine is a common and debilitating neurological disorder characterized by recurrent headaches of moderate-to-severe intensity. Because of its high prevalence, migraine causes a considerable financial burden on society. There is ample evidence showing that migraine is a complex neurological disorder that involves not only the trigeminovascular and autonomic systems, but also the hypothalamus and cerebral cortex.

Protracted hypomobility in the absence of trigeminal sensitization after cortical spreading depolarization: Relevance to migraine postdrome.

Migraine sufferers often exhibit photophobia and physical hypoactivity in the postdrome and interictal periods, for which no effective therapy currently exists. Cortical spreading depolarization (CSD) is a neural phenomenon underlying migraine aura. We previously reported that CSD induced trigeminal sensitization, photophobia, and hypomobility at 24 h in mice.

21st century headache: mapping new territory.

Background: With headache experienced by up to 75% of adults worldwide in the last year, primary headache disorders constitute a major public health problem, yet they remain under-diagnosed and under-treated. Headache prevalence and burden is changing as society evolves, with headache now occurring earlier in life. Contributing factors, mostly associated with changing life style, such as stress, bad posture, physical inactivity, sleep disturbance, poor diet and excess use of digital technology may be associated with the phenomenon that could be labelled as '21st century headache'.

Painless Thyroiditis Presenting with Headache.

Although headache attributed to hypothyroidism is coded within The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition, an association between headache and thyrotoxicosis (hyperthyroidism) is mentioned only in the appendix. Reports on relevant cases are too scarce to establish a causal relationship. A young man with a history of migraine with aura arrived at our headache clinic with a 10-day history of headache and weight loss.