Revolutionizing the treatment for nasopharyngeal cancer: the impact, challenges and strategies of stem cell and genetically engineered cell therapies.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a distinct malignancy of the nasopharynx and is consistently associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Its unique anatomical location and complex aetiology often result in advanced-stage disease at first diagnosis. While radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy have been the mainstays of treatment, they often fail to prevent tumour recurrence and metastasis, leading to high rates of treatment failure and mortality.

Epidemiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: current insights and future outlook.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is characterised by its remarkable geographical and ethnic distribution. The interplay between genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections is indicated in the development of NPC. Exposure to tobacco smoking, dietary factors, and inhalants has been associated with the risk of NPC.

Precision medicine in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: comprehensive review of past, present, and future prospect.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an aggressive malignancy with high propensity for lymphatic spread and distant metastasis. It is prominent as an endemic malignancy in Southern China and Southeast Asia regions. Studies on NPC pathogenesis mechanism in the past decades such as through Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) infection and oncogenic molecular aberrations have explored several potential targets for therapy and diagnosis.

The role of Epstein-Barr virus in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a metastasis-prone malignancy closely associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Despite ubiquitous infection of EBV worldwide, NPC incidences displayed predominance in certain ethnic groups and endemic regions. The majority of NPC patients are diagnosed with advanced-stage disease, as a result of anatomical isolation and non-specific clinical manifestation.

Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan and Inclusive Compound-Layered Gold Nanocarrier to Improve the Antiproliferation Effect of Tamoxifen Citrate in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) and Breast Cancer (MCF-7) Cells.

Objectives: Cancer diseases have been linked to a huge number of causes that led to deaths in this century along with cardiovascular and lung diseases. Most death-leading types of cancer are colon, lung, breast, and prostate cancers. Due to the remarkable properties of gold (Au) nanocarrier, they are used to deliver and improve tamoxifen (Tam) citrate activity in Caco-2 and MCF-7 cells.

Impact of different dietary sodium reduction strategies on blood pressure: a systematic review.

High sodium intake was found to be associated with increased blood pressure. Decreasing dietary sodium intake can effectively reduce blood pressure, especially among hypertensive individuals, but the extent of reduction remains debatable. The effectiveness of different sodium reduction strategies on blood pressure reduction was identified in the current review.

Development of semi-quantitative urinary sodium test strip.

Excessive salt consumption has been associated with greater risk of hypertension. Therefore, monitoring of dietary sodium consumption should be prioritized. As sodium is mainly excreted through urine, 24-h urine sample can be used to estimate individual sodium intake.

Impacts of particulate matter (PM) on the health status of outdoor workers: observational evidence from Malaysia.

Ambient air pollution is a significant contributor to disease burden, leading to an estimated 4.2 million premature deaths and 103.1 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) annually worldwide.

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Its Microenvironment: Past, Current, and Future Perspectives.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial malignancy that raises public health concerns in endemic countries. Despite breakthroughs in therapeutic strategies, late diagnosis and drug resistance often lead to unsatisfactory clinical outcomes in NPC patients. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex niche consisting of tumor-associated cells, such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, leukocytes, that influences tumor initiation, progression, invasion, and metastasis.

Current Status and Future Perspectives about Molecular Biomarkers of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial malignancy that shows a remarkable ethnic and geographical distribution. It is one of the major public health problems in some countries, especially Southern China and Southeast Asia, but rare in most Western countries. Multifactorial interactions such as Epstein-Barr virus infection, individual's genetic susceptibility, as well as environmental and dietary factors may facilitate the pathogenesis of this malignancy.

Understanding Lung Carcinogenesis from a Morphostatic Perspective: Prevention and Therapeutic Potential of Phytochemicals for Targeting Cancer Stem Cells.

Lung cancer is still one of the deadliest cancers, with over two million incidences annually. Prevention is regarded as the most efficient way to reduce both the incidence and death figures. Nevertheless, treatment should still be improved, particularly in addressing therapeutic resistance due to cancer stem cells-the assumed drivers of tumor initiation and progression.

A unique small cell lung carcinoma disease progression model shows progressive accumulation of cancer stem cell properties and CD44 as a potential diagnostic marker.

Objectives: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been implicated in disease progression of aggressive cancers including small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). Here, we have examined the possible contribution of CSCs to SCLC progression and aggressiveness.

Materials And Methods: GLC-14, GLC-16 and GLC-19 SCLC cell lines derived from one patient, representing increasing progressive stages of disease were used.

Identification of Phytochemical-Based β-Catenin Nuclear Localization Inhibitor in NSCLC: Differential Targeting Population from Member of Isothiocyanates.

Decades of research has convinced us that phytochemical compounds contained within the plant products are the real deal, and they provide benefits such as health maintenance an d cure to illnesses. One of the deadliest noncommunicable diseases today is lung cancer, hence its disease management still deserves attention. Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation conferring cancer stem cell (CSC) activities to non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs) may explain why the disease is still difficult to cure.

Mucoadhesive Low Molecular Chitosan Complexes to Protect rHuKGF from Proteolysis: Characterization and FHs 74 Int Cell Proliferation Studies.

Background: Recombinant Keratinocyte Growth Factor (rHuKGF) is a therapeutic protein used widely in oral mucositis after chemotherapy in various cancers, stimulating lung morphogenesis and gastrointestinal tract cell proliferation. In this research study, chitosan-rHuKGF polymeric complex was implemented to improve the stability of rHuKGF and used as rejuvenation therapy for the treatment of oral mucositis in cancer patients.

Objective: Complexation of rHuKGF with mucoadhesive low molecular weight chitosan to protect rHuKGF from proteolysis and investigate the effect of chitosan-rHuKGF complex on the proliferation rate of FHs 74 Int cells.

Cyclodextrin inclusion complex inhibits circulating galectin-3 and FGF-7 and affects the reproductive integrity and mobility of Caco-2 cells.

Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a carbohydrate-binding protein, that promotes angiogenesis through mediating angiogenic growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF). There is strong evidence confirming FGF involvement in tumor growth and progression by disrupting cell proliferation and angiogenesis. In this study, we investigated the effect of β-cyclodextrin:everolimus:FGF-7 inclusion complex (Complex) on Caco-2 cell migration, cell motility and colony formation.

Chelerythrine Chloride Downregulates β-Catenin and Inhibits Stem Cell Properties of Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma.

Plant secondary metabolites have been seen as alternatives to seeking new medicines for treating various diseases. Phytochemical scientists remain hopeful that compounds isolated from natural sources could help alleviate the leading problem in oncology-the lung malignancy that kills an estimated two million people annually. In the present study, we characterized a medicinal compound benzophenanthridine alkaloid, called chelerythrine chloride for its anti-tumorigenic activities.

and Translocation in B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Cases.

, and genes are the most commonly oncogenes involved in B-Cell lymphomas. Translocations of these oncogenes are associated with an aggressive clinical course. This study aims to elucidate the patterns of , and gene aberrations among Malaysian B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) using fluorescence hybridization (FISH).

Molecular Modeling-ased Delivery System Enhances Everolimus-Induced Apoptosis in Caco-2 Cells.

Several studies have shown that the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor; everolimus (EV) improves patient survival in several types of cancer. However, the meaningful efficacy of EV as a single agent for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) has failed to be proven in multiple clinical trials. Combination therapy is one of the options that could increase the efficacy and decrease the toxicity of the anticancer therapy.

Rabbit as an Animal Model for Pharmacokinetics Studies of Enteric Capsule Contains Recombinant Human Keratinocyte Growth Factor Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles.

Background: Recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor (rHuKGF) has gained considerable attention by researchers as epithelial cells proliferating agent. Moreover, intravenous truncated rHuKGF (palifermin) has been approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat and prevent chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis and small intestine ulceration. The labile structure and short circulation time of rHuKGF in-vivo are the main obstacles that reduce the oral bioactivity and dosage of such proteins at the target site.

A review on the nucleic acid constituents in mushrooms: nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleotides.

Mushrooms have become increasingly important as a reliable food source. They have also been recognized as an important source of bioactive compounds of high nutritional and medicinal values. The nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleotides found in mushrooms play important roles in the regulation of various physiological processes in the human body via the purinergic and/or pyrimidine receptors.

Antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of alkaloids from Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don.

Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don is a herbal plant traditionally used by local populations in India, South Africa, China and Malaysia to treat diabetes.

Panduratin A, a possible inhibitor in metastasized A549 cells through inhibition of NF-kappa B translocation and chemoinvasion.

In the present study, we investigated the effects of panduratin A (PA), isolated from Boesenbergia rotunda, on apoptosis and chemoinvasion in A549 human non-small cell lung cancer cells. Activation of the executioner procaspase-3 by PA was found to be dose-dependent. Caspase-3 activity was significantly elevated at the 5 µg/mL level of PA treatment and progressed to a maximal level.

Apoptosis Effect of Girinimbine Isolated from Murraya koenigii on Lung Cancer Cells In Vitro.

Murraya koenigii Spreng has been traditionally claimed as a remedy for cancer. The current study investigated the anticancer effects of girinimbine, a carbazole alkaloid isolated from Murraya koenigii Spreng, on A549 lung cancer cells in relation to apoptotic mechanistic pathway. Girinimbine was isolated from Murraya koenigii Spreng.

Anti-diabetic effects of Centratherum anthelminticum seeds methanolic fraction on pancreatic cells, β-TC6 and its alleviating role in type 2 diabetic rats.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Seeds of Centratherum anthelminticum (Asteraceae) have been popularly used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat diabetes and skin disorders. Folk medicine from Rayalaseema (Andhra Pradesh, India) reported wide spread usage in diabetes.

Aim Of The Study: To investigate the hypoglycemic properties and mechanism of the methanolic fraction of C.

The methanolic fraction of Centratherum anthelminticum seed downregulates pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and hyperglycemia in STZ-nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetic rats.

This study aimed to ascertain the potential of Centratherum anthelminticum seeds methanolic fraction (CAMFs) for the management of type 2 diabetes and its associated complications. CAMFs was initially tested on β-TC6 cells for H(2)O(2)-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) translocation effects. The result displayed that CAMFs significantly inhibited NF-κB translocation from cytoplasm into the nucleus, dose-dependently.