Causal relationship between hippocampal subfield volume and alzheimer's disease: a mendelian randomization study.

Background And Objective: Numerous studies suggest that the development of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) leads to a reduction in overall hippocampal volume. However, there is limited research exploring whether pre-morbid differences in hippocampal volume impact the risk of AD. This study aims to delve into the causal relationship between hippocampal subregional volume and AD using bidirectional Mendelian Randomization (MR) methods.

From nature to clinic: Quercetin's role in breast cancer immunomodulation.

Immunotherapy has brought hope to many breast cancer patients, but not all patients benefit from it. Quercetin (Qu), a natural product found in various sources, has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties. We conducted a review of the pharmacological research of Qu in regulating anti-tumor immunity and .

Ethnic disparities of poor households by a multilevel analysis of household and contextual effects: Evidence from a multi-ethnic county of China.

Poverty in multi-ethnic regions has always been a concern due to its complex factors and persistent nature. Using a sample of 8,482 ethnic majority-headed households and 2,011 ethnic minority-headed households distributed in 200 villages of Wangqing County, China, this study uses hierarchical linear models to examine the factors of income at the household level, the ethnic disparities of the household-level effect, and the contextual effect on household-level outcomes. The findings suggest that, in comparison to the majority group, there exists a smaller income gap between male-headed and female-headed poor households within the minority group.

Bruton tyrosine kinase promotes wound healing after myocardial infarction by inhibiting the transcription of u-PA.

Backgrounds: Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK), which is highly expressed in immune cells, plays a critical role in regulating the function of macrophages. A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that the accumulation of macrophages in cardiac tissue after myocardial infarction (MI) significantly affects wound healing and ventricular remodeling during the early phase of repair after MI. However, the role of BTK in cardiac repair post-MI, especially in macrophage-mediated repair, remains unclear.

Structural-Functional Integrated Graphene-Skinned Aramid Fibers for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding.

Structural-functional integrated polymer fibers with exciting properties are increasingly important for next-generation technologies. Herein, we report the structural-functional integrated graphene-skinned aramid fiber (GRAF) featuring high conductivity, high strength, and light weight, which is weaved for efficient electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. Graphene was self-assembled onto the surface of aramid fibers through a dip-coating strategy using an aramid polyanion (APA) as the binder and the etchant.

Role of Immune Inflammation in Recurrent Spontaneous Abortions.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the role of immune inflammation in recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA).

Methods: In this study, decidua tissues from 12 patients were collected. These included six individuals with RSA in the RSA group and six in the control group.

Co-reactivity pattern of glucose metabolism and blood perfusion revealing DNA mismatch repair deficiency based on PET/DCE-MRI in endometrial cancer.

Background: Identifying DNA mismatch repair deficiency (MMRd) is important for prognosis risk stratification in patients with early-stage endometrial cancer (EC), but there is a notable absence of cost-effective and non-invasive preoperative assessment techniques. The study explored the co-reactivity pattern of glucose metabolism and blood perfusion in EC based on hybrid [F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([F]FDG) PET/dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE)-MRI to provide an imaging biomarker for identifying MMRd.

Methods: Patients with a history of postmenopausal bleeding and initially diagnosed with EC on ultrasound were recruited to perform a PET/DCE-MRI scan.

Ambipolar Charging Responses of Nanoscale Interfaces.

Low-dimensional -based carbon nanostructures, known for their remarkable transport properties and mechanical behaviors, are widely used as reinforcing phases in polymer composites to enhance their performance. While carbon nanocomposites are promising materials for extreme conditions, the damage mechanisms due to charge injection at the interfaces between carbon nanostructures and polymers remain unclear. Using first-principles calculations, we investigated ambipolar charging and structural responses at the interfaces between industrially relevant polymers and carbon nanotubes or graphene upon electron and hole injection.

The tubulin polymerization inhibitor gambogenic acid induces myelodysplastic syndrome cell apoptosis through upregulation of Fas expression mediated by the NF-κB signaling pathway.

The development of an effective treatment for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is needed due to the insufficient efficacy of current therapies. Gambogenic acid (GNA) is a xanthone constituent of gamboge, a resin secreted by Hook. f.

Fertility-sparing surgery versus radical surgery for micropapillary serous borderline ovarian tumours: a systematic review protocol.

Introduction: Micropapillary serous borderline ovarian tumours (MP-SBOTs) are an aggressive subtype of serous borderline ovarian tumours (SBOTs). Surgery is the mainstay of treatment. Radical surgery (RS, including debulking) is an alternative.

In situ crosslinked injectable chondroitin sulfate hydrogel for preventing postoperative adhesion.

Postoperative adhesion is a common clinical disease caused by surgical trauma, accompanying serious subsequent complications. Current non-surgical drug therapy and biomaterial barrier administration have limited therapeutic effects due to their inherent deficiencies. Therefore, developing a simple, effective, and feasible method to effectively prevent postoperative adhesions after surgical procedures remains a challenge.

Pregnancy Risk Assessment, Management, and Delivery Plan for Pregnant Women with Moyamoya Disease Using a Multidisciplinary Collaborative Approach: A Case Series.

Purpose: This case report aimed to summarize the risk factors, clinical characteristics, imaging changes, and maternal and fetal prognosis associated with Moyamoya disease in pregnant women and to explore effective management strategies and a comprehensive delivery plan.

Case Presentation: The clinical data of four pregnant women who were diagnosed with Moyamoya disease and admitted to our hospital between January 2010 and January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Their diagnosis, treatment, delivery, and postpartum management during the pregnancy were analyzed.

A fully automatic tool for development of population pharmacokinetic models.

Population pharmacokinetic (PK) models are widely used to inform drug development by pharmaceutical companies and facilitate drug evaluation by regulatory agencies. Developing a population PK model is a multi-step, challenging, and time-consuming process involving iterative manual model fitting and evaluation. A tool for fully automatic model development (AMD) of common population PK models is presented here.

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Chroman Derivatives as PD-1/PD-L1 Antagonists.

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for various cancers due to its crucial role in promoting tumor immune evasion. Here, we report a novel class of chroman-like small-molecule PD-L1 inhibitors exhibiting significant activity in inhibiting the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. Employing a "ring-close" strategy for conformational restriction, we have achieved compound , which demonstrates superior PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitory activity compared to the positive control.

Directly Converting Bulk Wood into Branch Micro-Nano Fibers to Synergistically Enhance the Strength and Toughness via Interface Engineering.

Hierarchical biobased micro/nanomaterials offer great potential as the next-generation building blocks for robust films or macroscopic fibers with high strength, while their capability in suppressing crack propagation when subject to damage is hindered by their limited length. Herein, we employed an approach to directly convert bulk wood into fibers with a high aspect ratio and nanosized branching structures. Particularly, the length of microfibers surpassed 1 mm with that of the nanosized branches reaching up to 300 μm.

Value of Molecular Typing Combined with Integrated Positron Emission Tomography/Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Risk Stratification of Endometrial Cancer.

Objective: In this study, we investigated the value of molecular typing combined with integrated positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) semi-quantitative indices in endometrial cancer risk stratification.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 86 patients who were pathologically diagnosed with endometrial cancer and underwent surgical treatment after curettage at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University between January 2017 and March 2023. Prior to surgery, each patient underwent integrated PET/MRI examination.

Discovery of Novel PD-L1 Small-Molecular Inhibitors with Potent Anti-tumor Immune Activity.

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) has surfaced as a promising therapeutic target for various cancers due to its pivotal role in facilitating tumor immune evasion. Herein, we report a series of novel small-molecule PD-L1 inhibitors exhibiting remarkable inhibitory activity against the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction (: IC = 1.3 nM) and reinstating the suppressive effect of PD-L1 on T cells (: EC = 152.

Clonal integration of stress signal induces morphological and physiological response of root within clonal network.

Clonal integration of defense or stress signal induced systemic resistance in leaf of interconnected ramets. However, similar effects of stress signal in root are poorly understood within clonal network. Clonal fragments of Centella asiaticas with first-young, second-mature, third-old and fourth-oldest ramets were used to investigate transportation or sharing of stress signal among interconnected ramets suffering from low water availability.