Consistent Performance of GPT-4o in Rare Disease Diagnosis Across Nine Languages and 4967 Cases.

Background: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in the medical field for diverse applications including differential diagnostic support. The estimated training data used to create LLMs such as the Generative Pretrained Transformer (GPT) predominantly consist of English-language texts, but LLMs could be used across the globe to support diagnostics if language barriers could be overcome. Initial pilot studies on the utility of LLMs for differential diagnosis in languages other than English have shown promise, but a large-scale assessment on the relative performance of these models in a variety of European and non-European languages on a comprehensive corpus of challenging rare-disease cases is lacking.

Time trends in thermal burns incidence among Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS), an age-period-cohort analysis from the GBD 2019.

Burns are a serious public health problem. Despite the decline in the global burden of burns, the burden of burns remains high in low- and middle-income regions, including BRICS countries. To analyse the trend of burn injury incidence in BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) from 1990 to 2019 and to provide a reference basis for burn injury prevention and management.

Involvement of the Superior Cerebellar Peduncles in GAA- Ataxia.

Objectives: GAA- ataxia (SCA27B) is a recently reported late-onset ataxia caused by a GAA repeat expansion in intron 1 of the gene. After the clinical observation of superior cerebellar peduncle (SCP) involvement in some affected patients, we sought to verify the prevalence of this finding in our cohort and 4 additional independent cohorts of patients with SCA27B.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of the brain MRI scans of a total of 87 patients (median age at MRI 69 years; range 28-88 years) from different independent cohorts to assess the presence of SCP involvement, defined as abnormally high T2 signal along the SCP tract.

Insights into Extrachromosomal DNA in Cancer: Biogenesis, Methodologies, Functions, and Therapeutic Potential.

Originating from, but independent of, linear chromosomes, extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) exists in a more active state of transcription and autonomous replication. It plays a crucial role in the development of malignancies and therapy resistance. Since its discovery in eukaryotic cells more than half a century ago, the biological characteristics and functions of ecDNA have remained unclear due to limitations in detection methods.

Gastric cancer mesenchymal stem cells upregulate PD-1 expression on the CD8 T cells by regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway.

Gastric cancer mesenchymal stem cells (GC-MSCs) are a crucial component of the gastric cancer microenvironment, exerting a pivotal influence on the formation of a suppressive immune microenvironment and the progression of gastric cancer. In this study, we utilized GC-MSCs to co-culture peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from both gastric cancer patients and healthy individuals in a proportionate manner by direct cell-to-cell contact. Our findings reveal that co-culture of GC-MSCs with PBMCs led to a notable reduction in CD8 T cells percentages and an increase in surface PD-1 expression levels on CD8 T cells.

Immersion Phase-Change Liquid Cooling Devices Based on Copper Microgroove/Nanocone Composite Structure.

Along with the rapid development of the digital economy and artificial intelligence, heat sinks available for immersion phase-change liquid cooling (IPCLC) of chips are facing huge challenges. Here, we design a high-performance IPCLC heat sink based on a copper microgroove/nanocone (MGNC) composite structure. Maximal heat fluxes () of the MGNC structure, microgroove structure, and flat copper reach 112.

Research note: Establishment of a multiplex PCR detection system for different infectious bronchitis virus strain genotypes in laying hens.

This study produced a method for the fast detection and identification of five strains of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), including the currently prevalent wild-type QX and G Ⅵ-1 strains, in addition to the Mass, 4/91, and LDT3 strains that are used as vaccines. Based on the spike 1 (S1) glycoprotein gene sequences of the IBV Mass, QX, G Ⅵ-1, 4/91, and LDT3 strains, five sets of customized primers, showing excellent specificity, were designed and synthesized to target the appropriate conserved sequences. After repeated improvement, a multiple PCR detection approach with strong specificity for the simultaneous detection of IBV Mass, QX, G Ⅵ-1, 4/91, and LDT3 strains was initially established.

FAP gastric cancer mesenchymal stromal cells via paracrining INHBA and remodeling ECM promote tumor progression.

Gastric cancer (GC) mesenchymal stromal cells (GCMSCs) are the predominant components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and play a role in the occurrence, development, and metastasis of tumors. However, GCMSCs exhibit phenotypic and functional heterogeneity. The key population of GCMSCs which are vital to tumor progression remains elusive.

Modulation of the unfolded protein response by white spot syndrome virus via wsv406 targeting BiP to facilitate viral replication.

Outbreaks of diseases are often linked to environmental stress, which can lead to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and subsequently trigger the unfolded protein response (UPR). The replication of the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), the most serious pathogen in shrimp aquaculture, has been shown to rely on the UPR signaling pathway, although the detailed mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we discovered that WSSV enhances its replication by hijacking the UPR pathway via the viral protein wsv406.

Outcomes of thoracic endovascular aortic repair with fenestrated surgeon-modified stent-grafts for type B aortic dissection involving the aortic arch: a multicenter retrospective study.

Background: Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) with fenestrated surgeon-modified stent-grafts (f-SMSGs) is becoming an option for treating type B aortic dissection (TBAD) involving the aortic arch. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of this technique.

Methods: A retrospective multicenter study was conducted, involving consecutive patients from three medical centers in China who underwent TEVAR with f-SMSG for TBAD.

High-Efficiency Condensation Heat Transfer Interfaces Based on Superwetting Copper Microgroove/Nanocone Structure.

Utilizing superhydrophobic micro/nanostructures to enhance condensation heat transfer (CHT) of copper surfaces has attracted intensive interest in recent years due to its significance in multiple industrial fields including nuclear power generation, thermal management, water harvesting, and desalination. However, superhydrophobic surfaces have instability risk caused by microcavity defect-induced vapor penetration and/or hydrophobic chemistry destruction. Here, we report a superwetting copper hierarchical microgroove/nanocone (MGNC) structure strategy that can realize high-efficiency CHT over a whole range of surface subcooling.

Canadian Association of Radiologists Statement on Planetary Health Education in Radiology.

The health of Canadians is already impacted by climate change due to wildfire smoke, heat domes, floods, droughts, and the changing distribution of vector borne disease. The healthcare sector contributes to climate change, accounting for approximately 4.6% of annual greenhouse gas emissions in Canada.

From mesenchymal stem cells to their extracellular vesicles: Progress and prospects for asthma therapy.

Asthma is a widespread public health concern, with an increasing incidence. Despite the implementation of current treatment strategies, asthma control, particularly for severe cases, remains suboptimal. Recent research has revealed the encouraging prospects of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a viable therapeutic option for alleviating asthma symptoms.

F-FDG whole-body PET/CT for the evaluation of suspected native valve infective endocarditis.

F-FDG-PET/CT is indicated in the workup of patients with suspected infective endocarditis to detect intra-cardiac and disseminated infections, as well as its source. We present the case of a 66-year-old female patient known for recurrent diabetic foot infection, with equivocal TTE results and persistent MRSA bacteremia despite medical management. PET/CT revealed evidence of left foot osteomyelitis.

Time trends in the incidence of interstitial lung disease across Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) from 1990 to 2019: An age-period-cohort analysis.

Background And Objective: The global incidence of interstitial lung disease (ILD) has risen over the past few decades. However, few studies have evaluated the status and incidence trends of ILD in Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS). This study assesses the trends of ILD incidence across the BRICS with an emphasis on ILD changes from 1990 to 2019.

Host factors of SARS-CoV-2 in infection, pathogenesis, and long-term effects.

SARS-CoV-2 is the causative virus of the devastating COVID-19 pandemic that results in an unparalleled global health and economic crisis. Despite unprecedented scientific efforts and therapeutic interventions, the fight against COVID-19 continues as the rapid emergence of different SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and the increasing challenge of long COVID-19, raising a vast demand to understand the pathomechanisms of COVID-19 and its long-term sequelae and develop therapeutic strategies beyond the virus . Notably, in addition to the virus itself, the replication cycle of SARS-CoV-2 and clinical severity of COVID-19 is also governed by host factors.

Lyophilizable Stem Cell-Hybrid Liposome with Long-Term Stability and High Targeting Capacity.

The hybridization of liposome with stem cell membranes is an emerging technology to prepare the nanovehicle with the capacity of disease-responsive targeting. However, the long-term storage of this hybrid liposome has received limited attention in the literature, which is essential for its potential applicability in the clinic. Therefore, the preservation of long-term activity of stem cell-hybrid liposome using freeze-drying is investigated in the present study.

Theoretical and experimental studies on channel impulse response of short-range non-line-of-sight ultraviolet communications.

A theoretical channel impulse response (CIR) model of short-range non-line-of-sight (NLOS) ultraviolet communications (UVC) in noncoplanar geometry under the single-scatter condition is proposed. Simulation results obtained from the widely accepted Monte-Carlo (MC)-based channel model of NLOS UVC are provided to verify corresponding theoretical results obtained from the proposed theoretical single-scatter CIR model. Additionally, an outdoor experiment with a light-emitting diode (LED) as the light source is first designed to measure the channel step response of NLOS UVC and to further validate the proposed theoretical single-scatter CIR model.

Trends and age-period-cohort effect on the incidence of falls from 1990 to 2019 in BRICS.

Background: The increasing burden of falls in BRICS countries warrants a comprehensive investigation to understand the dynamics and trends. This study utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019 to assess fall incidence rates in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) to provide valuable insights for the development of targeted prevention and management strategies.

Methods: Data from the GBD 2019 were employed to estimate fall incidence rates.

Neuroradiological findings in GAA- ataxia (SCA27B): more than cerebellar atrophy.

Background: GAA- ataxia (SCA27B) is a recently reported late-onset ataxia caused by a GAA repeat expansion in intron 1 of the gene. Initial studies revealed cerebellar atrophy in 74-97% of patients. A more detailed brain imaging characterization of GAA- ataxia is now needed to provide supportive diagnostic features and earlier disease recognition.

Emergency EVAR for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Ruptured Into the Duodenum With an Aortic Dissection.

We report a case of aortoduodenal fistula formed after an abdominal aortic aneurysm ruptured into the duodenum. There is also an aortic dissection involving the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery and renal arteries. Successful treatment was achieved through endovascular aortic repair, followed by anti-infective and supportive therapy over 3 months.

Identification of an Ortholog of MALT1 from Shrimp That Induces NF-κB-Mediated Antiviral Immunity.

MALT1 (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1) serves as a pivotal mediator for NF-κB activation in response to a wide spectrum of transmembrane receptor stimuli. In the present study, a homolog of MALT1, named LvMALT1, is cloned from the Pacific white shrimp () and its potential function in shrimp innate immunity is explored. The open reading frame of LvMALT1 is 2364 bp that encodes 787 amino acids.

A robust NIR fluorescence-activated probe for peroxynitrite imaging in cells and mice osteoarthritis models.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common type of joint disease, which is difficult to treat, but early standardized diagnosis and treatment can effectively alleviate the pain and symptoms of patients. Therefore, it is important to construct an effective tool to assist in the early diagnosis and evaluation of the therapeutic effect of OA. In this work, a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence-activated fluorescent probe, YB-1, was constructed for the evaluation of the diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy of OA via detection and imaging of the biomarker of ONOO in inflammatory cells and mice osteoarthritis models.

Transcriptomic analysis reveals the role of Glycolysis pathway in Litopenaeus vannamei during DIV1 infection.

In recent years, shrimp farming has experienced significant losses due to the emergence of DIV1 (Decapod iridescent virus 1), an infectious virus with a high fatality rate among shrimp. In this study, we conducted transcriptomic analyses on shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei hemocytes following DIV1 infection and focused on the function of genes in the Glycolysis pathway during DIV1 infection. A total of 2197 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, comprising 1506 up-regulated genes and 691 down-regulated genes.

White matter abnormalities in 15 subjects with SPG76.

Background And Objectives: Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are heterogenous genetic disorders characterized by progressive pyramidal tract involvement. SPG76 is a recently identified form of HSP, caused by biallelic calpain-1 (CAPN1) variants. The most frequently described MRI abnormality in SPG76 is mild cerebellar atrophy and non-specific white matter abnormalities were reported in only one case.