Sophocarpine attenuates wear particle-induced implant loosening by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption via suppression of the NF-κB signalling pathway in a rat model.

Background And Purpose: Aseptic prosthesis loosening, caused by wear particles, is one of the most common causes of arthroplasty failure. Extensive and over-activated osteoclast formation and physiological functioning are regarded as the mechanism of prosthesis loosening. Therapeutic modalities based on inhibiting osteoclast formation and bone resorption have been confirmed to be an effective way of preventing aseptic prosthesis loosening.

PTH[1-34] improves the effects of core decompression in early-stage steroid-associated osteonecrosis model by enhancing bone repair and revascularization.

Steroid-associated osteonecrosis (SAON) might induce bone collapse and subsequently lead to joint arthroplasty. Core decompression (CD) is regarded as an effective therapy for early-stage SAON, but the prognosis is unsatisfactory due to incomplete bone repair. Parathyroid hormone[1-34] (PTH[1-34]) has demonstrated positive efficacy in promoting bone formation.

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of vancomycin-loaded PMMA cement in combination with ultrasound and microbubbles-mediated ultrasound.

Ultrasound (US) has been used to increase elution of antibiotic from an antibiotic-loaded poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement (ALBC). We aimed to further investigate whether microbubbles-mediated US (US + MB) facilitate elution of vancomycin (VAN) from cylindrical specimens and enhance the activity of the eluted antibiotic against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in vitro.

Does hydroxyapatite coating have no advantage over porous coating in primary total hip arthroplasty? A meta-analysis.

There are some arguments between the use of hydroxyapatite and porous coating. Some studies have shown that there is no difference between these two coatings in total hip arthroplasty (THA), while several other studies have shown that hydroxyapatite has advantages over the porous one. We have collected the studies in Pubmed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library from the earliest possible years to present, with the search strategy of "(HA OR hydroxyapatite) AND ((total hip arthroplasty) OR (total hip replacement)) AND (RCT* OR randomiz* OR control* OR compar* OR trial*)".

Microbubble injection enhances inhibition of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on debris-induced periprosthetic osteolysis in rabbit model.

We determined whether the addition of microbubbles enhances the effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on bone-implant integration in an early-stage osteolysis model. The bone canals were injected with titanium particles before implantation to establish the periprosthetic osteolysis model. Before ultrasonic therapy, the microbubble-enhanced LIPUS group (GTi-Us-Mb) received an intra-articular injection of microbubbles.

Effects of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein on bone morphogenetic protein-2-induced differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.

Objective: To investigate the effect of overexpression of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) on bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) induced osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In this study, we used liposomes to transfect MSCs with plasmid encoding COMP and then induced the transfected MSCs to differentiate in osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation media containing BMP-2.

Methods: MSCs transfected with plasmid DNA encoding recombinant human COMP were induced to differentiate into osteocytes and chondrocytes by BMP-2.

Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein gene multilayers inhibit osteogenic differentiation and promote chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.

There are still many challenges to acquire the optimal integration of biomedical materials with the surrounding tissues. Gene coatings on the surface of biomaterials may offer an effective approach to solve the problem. In order to investigate the gene multilayers mediated differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), gene functionalized films of hyaluronic acid (HA) and lipid-DNA complex (LDc) encoding cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) were constructed in this study via the layer-by-layer self-assembly technique.

Microbubble-mediated ultrasound enhances the lethal effect of gentamicin on planktonic Escherichia coli.

Previous research has found that low-intensity ultrasound enhanced the lethal effect of gentamicin on planktonic E. coli. We aimed to further investigate whether microbubble-mediated low-intensity ultrasound could further enhance the antimicrobial efficacy of gentamicin.

Ten versus five polymorphonuclear leukocytes as threshold in frozen section tests for periprosthetic infection: a meta-analysis.

We objectively appraised available evidence regarding the threshold for the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes required in frozen section tests used to diagnose periprosthetic infection. Pooled summary estimates for sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio and diagnostic odds ratio (OR) were compared for ten and five polymorphonuclear leukocytes per high power field as the threshold. The total cohort included 1011 patients and the rate of infection was 19.

Serum proteomics of early postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients.

Background: Studies on postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) have attracted extensive attention and achieved significant progress. However, the diagnosis of POCD is not very satisfactory as no specific biomarkers have been classified. The aim of the present study was to evaluate differences in serum protein composition between POCD and Non-POCD patients, identify potential biomarkers associated with early POCD, and study the mechanism underlying POCD.

Gallic acid induces the apoptosis of human osteosarcoma cells in vitro and in vivo via the regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways.

To examine the antitumor effects of gallic acid (GA) on osteosarcoma, two human osteosarcoma cell lines U-2OS and MNNG/HOS were treated by GA and subjected to cell proliferation and apoptosis assays. In addition, MNNG/HOS xenograft tumors were established in nude BALB/c mice to evaluate the anticancer capacity of GA in vivo. The results showed that GA inhibited the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells, accompanied by the upregulation of p-38 activation and the downregulation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK1/2) activation.

[Effect of fascia iliaca compartment block with ropivacaine on early analgesia in children with development dislocation of the hip received salter arthroplasty treatment].

Objective: To observe the efficacy and safety of fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) with 0.2% ropivacaine in the early analgesia of children with development dislocation of the hip (DDH) undergoing Salter arthroplasty.

Methods: Approved by the hospital ethics committee, a total of 64 DDH children were divided randomly into 2 groups: group F (FICB with ropivacaine 0.

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) may prevent polyethylene induced periprosthetic osteolysis in vivo.

We investigated the effect of local low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on polyethylene debris induced periprosthetic osteolysis. The periprosthetic osteolysis model was made by injecting endotoxin-free pure polyethylene particles into the distal part of the femur canal and inserting a stainless steel plug into this femur. The effects of polyethylene and LIPUS were assessed histologically and by the shear strength test and periprosthetic bone mineral density (BMD) test.

A new β-glucosidase producing yeast for lower-cost cellulosic ethanol production from xylose-extracted corncob residues by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation.

This study reports a new yeast strain of Clavispora NRRL Y-50464 that is able to utilize cellobiose as sole source of carbon and produce sufficient native β-glucosidase enzyme activity for cellulosic ethanol production using SSF. In addition, this yeast is tolerant to the major inhibitors derived from lignocellulosic biomass pre-treatment such as 2-furaldehyde (furfural) and 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde (HMF), and converted furfural into furan methanol in less than 12h and HMF into furan-2,5-dimethanol within 24h in the presence of 15 mM each of furfural and HMF. Using xylose-extracted corncob residue as cellulosic feedstock, an ethanol production of 23 g/l was obtained using 25% solids loading at 37 °C by SSF without addition of exogenous β-glucosidase.

[Effects of carbon monoxide inhalation on severe limb ischemia/reperfusion injury and its damages lead to shock].

Objective: To study the protective effect of carbon monoxide (CO) inhalation on the serious limb ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, and which effects caused to shock in rats.

Methods: 36 SD rats were randomly divided into I/R, I/R + CO (RC), sham operation (S) groups. I/R injury models were made by the occlusion of the femoral artery for 8 h and the reperfusion for 12 h, 10 d.

The effect of injection volume on disc degeneration in a rat tail model.

Study Design: A prospective study to compare the effects of injection of various doses of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution into the intervertebral disc.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of injection volume on disc degeneration in a rat tail-disc model.

Summary Of Background Data: There are many studies on disc degeneration models induced by needle injection.

[Exogenous carbon monoxide protects against liver injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion of hind limbs in rats].

Aim: To investigate the protective effect of exogenous carbon monoxide (CO) on the liver injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) of hind limbs in rats.

Methods: 100 SD rats were divided randomly into sham operated group (S), S+ CO group (SC), I/R group (I/R), I/ R+ CO group (RC). A rat model of ischemia in hind limbs and the reperfusion liver injury was established with the occlusion of the femoral arteries for 4 h and re-opening for 6 - 72 h, 10 d.

[Comparing the analgesic efficacy of continuous femoral nerve blockade and continuous intravenous analgesia after total knee arthroplasty].

Objective: To compare the analgesic efficacy of continuous femoral nerve blockade (CFNB) and continuous intravenous analgesia (CIA) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods: 126 patients undergoing TKA under combined epidural-spinal anesthesia were randomized to receive either a femoral infusion of ropivacaine 0.2% (median infusion rate 5 ml/h) (n = 63) or an intravenous infusion of fentanyl 30 µg/kg (2 ml/h) (n = 63).

[Ropivacaine volume for ultrasound-guided retrograde infraclavicular brachial plexus block].

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the medium effective volume required to produce an effective retrograde infraclavicular block using an ultrasound (US)-guided technique.

Methods: Thirty adults undergoing elective upper limb surgery received a US-guided retrograde infraclavicular block. The initial concentration of 0.

Anti-arthritic effects of chlorogenic acid in interleukin-1β-induced rabbit chondrocytes and a rabbit osteoarthritis model.

Cartilage degradation is one of the pathological changes of osteoarthritis (OA), and accumulating evidence suggests an excess of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) plays a role in this cartilage breakdown. Here, we investigated the effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on the mRNA and protein expression of MMPs in interleukin (IL)-1β-induced rabbit chondrocytes and evaluated the in vivo effects of CGA in experimental OA induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) in rabbits. Using quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA to investigate the expression levels of MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1) in IL-1β-induced rabbit chondrocytes, we showed that CGA inhibits the expression of these MMPs while increasing TIMP-1 expression, at both the mRNA and protein levels.

Effects of diallyl sulphide in chondrocyte and cartilage in experimental osteoarthritis in rabbit.

Diallyl sulphide (DAS) is known for its antioxidant, anticancer and detoxifying properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of DAS on rabbit articular chondrocytes and cartilage in experimental osteoarthritis (OA) induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). DAS inhibited matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), MMP-3 and MMP-13 expression in interleukin-1beta (IL-1β)-induced chondrocytes.

Increased serum concentrations of visfatin and its production by different joint tissues in patients with osteoarthritis.

Background: The goal of this study was to investigate the distribution of visfatin in paired serum and synovial fluid (SF) samples from patients with osteoarthritis (OA), and in serum from healthy controls. In addition, we wished to determine the potential sources of visfatin in joint tissue.

Methods: Twenty-three patients with OA requiring total knee arthroplasty (TKA), 17 healthy subjects and ten donors requiring amputation were included in the study.

[Carbon monoxide inhalation protects against limb ischemia/reperfusion injury].

Objective: To study the protective effect of carbon monoxide(CO) inhalation in the limb ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury of rats.

Methods: Forty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: S, I/R and RC groups. I/R injury model was made by the occlusion of the femoral artery for four hours and the reperfusion for forty-eight hours.

Enhanced anticancer effect of gemcitabine by genistein in osteosarcoma: the role of Akt and nuclear factor-kappaB.

Genistein, a nontoxic flavonoid compound, has potent antitumor activity in various cancer cell lines. This study was designed to investigate whether combination therapy with gemcitabine and genistein enhances antitumor efficacy in osteosarcoma cell lines (MG-63 and U2OS). Our results show that significant reduction in cell viability and corresponding induction of apoptosis were observed with combination treatment in both cell lines.