Characteristic chromanone acids from Calophyllum membranaceum: Determination of C-3 configuration and anti-inflammatory activity.

One undescribed homologous furanochromanone (1) featuring a 6/6/5/3 tetracyclic skeleton and four highly oxidized pyranochromanones (2-5), along with a set of four pyranochromanone stereoisomers [(±)-6a and (±)-6b], were isolated from the leaves of Calophyllum membranaceum Gardn. Et Champ. Their structures were elucidated by using spectroscopic data, Snatzke's method, quantum-chemical calculations, and X-ray crystallographic analysis.

[Migration of phenolic active ingredients in Danshen Dizhuye during ultrafiltration of hollow fiber membrane].

Study the suitability of organic film for salvianolic acid in the ultrafiltration process of Danshen Dizhuye. UPLC was used to analyze the migration of nine phenolic active ingredients in Danshen Dizhuye during ultrafiltration of PES hollow fiber membrane and PS hollow fiber membrane. The structural composition of multi-components was analyzed by three different batches of Danshen Dizhuye before and after ultrafiltration of the two membranes.

[Mining and discovery for active components of "Coptidis Rhizome-Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex" based on network pharmacology].

To mine and discover the active components of " Coptidis Rhizome-Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex( C&M) " based on the network pharmacology,integrate and analyze the potential targets and mechanisms. The TCMSP database was used to screen active ingredients. TTD and Drug Bank databases were used to predict the potential targets by referring to relevant literature,and the pathway annotation technology was used to enrich and analyze the active ingredients and potential targets of " C&M".

[Prenatal screening for major fetal heart defects by training sonographers in township hospitals and county health centers: a feasibility study].

Objective: To explore the feasibility of screening for major fetal heart disease by training sonographers in township or county level hospitals.

Methods: Training of B ultrasound scan for congenital heart defects was given to the sonographers from one county hospital, and thirteen township hospitals (or the district hospitals), and training of fetal echocardiography was given to sonographers from four city/county hospitals. The trained sonographers who had passed the examinations and had obtained qualifications after six months of independent practice began to screen fetal congenital heart defects.

[Correlation on hemoglobin concentration and the development of cognition among pre-school children].

Objective: Our purpose was to evaluate the association between hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and cognitive ability of children at 4 - 6 years of age in 21 counties/cities in China.

Methods: A total number of 7331 children born during 1993 - 1996 were randomly selected from 21 counties or cities in Hebei, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. Hb concentration of children were measured followed by three tests including full-scale, verbal and performance intelligence quotient (IQ) test performed by Chinese-Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, one year later.

Coumarin glycosides from Euphorbia soongarica (Boiss).

Two new coumarin glycosides (1 and 2), along with six known compounds (3-8), were isolated from the roots of Euphorbia soongarica. The structures of two new compounds were elucidated as aesculetin-6-O-(6'-O-galloyl)-beta-D-galactopyranoside (1) and fraxetin-8-O-(6'-O-galloyl)-beta-D-galactopyranoside (2) by spectral methods and chemical evidences.

[Studies on chemical constituents in roots of Euphorbia soongarica].

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of the roots of Euphorbia soongarica (Xinjiang origin).

Method: Compounds were isolated and purified by repeated normal column chromatography, preparative thin layer chromatography and Sephadex LH - 20 chromatography. The chemical structures were elucidated by NMR and MS spectra.

[Studies on the flavones in of Chrozophora sabulosa].

Objective: To study the flavone constituents in Chrozophora sabulosa (Xinjiang origin).

Method: The compounds were extracted with 95% ethyl alcohol, isolated by various column chromatography and identified by spectroscopic methods.

Result: Seven flavanoids were isolated and identified as quercetin (I), kaempferol (II), apigenin (III), chrysoerid (IV), isoquercitrin (V), chrysoerin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside (VI) and quercetin-3-O-alpha-D-arabinfuranoside (VII).

[Premature, low birth weight, small for gestational age and childhood cerebral palsy].

Objective: To investigate the relationship between perinatal risk factors such as premature, low birth weight, small for gestational age and childhood cerebral palsy (CP).

Methods: A cross sectional survey was carried out among 305,263 children aged 1 - 6 years old in seven cities of Jiangsu Province, China from May to July 1997. The perinatal risk factors were analysed.

[Sex distribution of neural tube defects and their birth outcome in high- and low-prevalence areas of China].

Objective: To describe and analyze epidemiological characteristics of babies with neural tube defects (NTD) by sex and birth outcome in a high-prevalence and a low-prevalence areas of China.

Methods: Birth defects surveillance data collected from 1992 through 1994, as a part of the Sino-American cooperative project on NTD prevention, were used to classify NTD as four categories, i.e.

A population-based birth defects surveillance system in the People's Republic of China.

We describe a unique birth defects surveillance system in the People's Republic of China. The system was instituted in March 1992 as a component of an evaluation of the effectiveness of a public health campaign using periconceptional folic acid supplementation to prevent neural tube defects, and currently surveys birth cohorts of approximately 150 000 infants per year. Local health care providers collect information in the form of detailed written descriptions and photographs of affected infants.