Direct electrochemical defluorinative carboxylation of α-CF alkenes with carbon dioxide.

An unprecedented γ-carboxylation of α-CF alkenes with CO is reported. This approach constitutes a rare example of using electrochemical methods to achieve regioselectivity complementary to conventional metal catalysis. Accordingly, using platinum plate as both a working cathode and a nonsacrificial anode in a user-friendly undivided cell under constant current conditions, the γ-carboxylation provides efficient access to vinylacetic acids bearing a -difluoroalkene moiety from a broad range of substrates.

Direct Electrochemical Defluorinative Carboxylation of -Difluoroalkenes with Carbon Dioxide.

We report a facile and economical synthesis of α-fluoroacrylic acids via direct electrochemical defluorinative carboxylation of -difluoroalkenes with CO. By using a platinum plate as the working cathode and a cheap nickel plate as the anode in a user-friendly undivided cell under constant current conditions, the reactions proceed smoothly under room temperature, without the use of expensive transition metal catalysts, ligands, external base or reductant, affording the desired adducts in up to 83% yield and 20:1 / ratio, with good functional group tolerance. A cyclic voltammetry study was conducted and suggested a novel ECEC process.

Multifunctional 1,3-diphenylguanidine for the carboxylative cyclization of homopropargyl amines with CO under ambient temperature and pressure.

Herein, we report that 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG) could be utilized for the carboxylative cyclization of homopropargyl amines with CO2 under ambient temperature and pressure, in combination with AgSbF6, which enabled the synthesis of both chiral and achiral 2-oxazinones efficiently. A mechanistic study revealed that the multi-functionality of DPG is critical to the success of the reaction.

A general and efficient Lewis acid catalysed Mukaiyama-aldol reaction of difluoroenoxysilanes and ketones.

We report a general and highly efficient Mukaiyama-aldol reaction of ketones and difluoroenoxysilanes. While the reaction of aryl ketones worked efficiently in the presence of Bi(OTf), that of aliphatic ketones required the use of Sc(OTf). In addition, Sc(OTf) was capable of achieving excellent 1,2-selectivity in the corresponding reaction of α,β-unsaturated ketones.

[Clinical and pathological analysis of 114 cases with non-ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma occupying lesions].

Objective: To improve the diagnosis and treatment of non-ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma-occupying lesions.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was made for 114 cases of pancreatic non-ductal adenocarcinoma-occupying pathologically confirmed lesions.

Results: (1) There were 36 males (31.

[Effect of atorvastatin on postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting].

Objective: To evaluate the effect of atorvastatin on postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Methods: A cohort of 140 consecutive patients without a history of documented AF or previous statin use, who were scheduled to undergo selective CABG, were enrolled. Included patients were randomly assigned to atorvastatin group (n = 71) who were administered atorvastatin 20 mg/d or to control group (n = 69).

[Opportunity for treatment of acute renal failure after cardiac vascular operation using continuous blood purification].

Objective: To evaluate the effect and timing of continuous blood purification (CBP) in treatment of acute renal failure (ARF) following cardiac-vascular surgery.

Methods: Twenty-five patients with ARF following cardiac-vascular surgery were divided into systematic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) Group (n = 13) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) Group (n = 12) according to the illness state prior to CBP and were divided into Group A (n = 5, with the APACHEIII score prior to CBP 90). All of the 25 patients underwent continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH).

[Surgical treatment of hepatic metastatic tumor from gastric cancer].

Objective: To assess the long- term efficacy of surgical treatment of hepatic metastases from gastric adenocarcinoma.

Methods: Clinical data of 938 cases with primary gastric cancer from January 1993 to October 2001 were analyzed retrospectively. Thirty- two cases received resection of hepatic metastases from gastric adenocarcinoma.

[Long-term effect of united hepatectomy and splenectomy on treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma complicated with cirrhosis and hypersplenism].

Objective: To discuss the long-term effect of united liver and spleen resection on treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) complicated with cirrhosis and hypersplenism.

Methods: The clinical data of 102 patients of HCC complicated with cirrhosis and hypersplenism, 57 receiving united hepatectomy and splenectomy (group A), and 45 receiving hepatectomy only (group B), were retrospectively examined.

Results: The volume of operative blood loss of group A was 765 ml (100 - 2,400 ml), not significantly different from that of group B (720 ml, 200 - 2,000 ml).