Insulin-like Growth Factor-1, Bone Mineral Density, and Fracture: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Context: The associations of circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels with bone mineral density and fracture risk are inconclusive in observational studies.

Objective: We conducted a mendelian randomization study to assess the associations of serum IGF-1 levels with estimated bone mineral density (eBMD) and fracture.

Methods: Genetic instruments for IGF-1 were selected at the genome-wide significance level (P < 5 × 10-8) from a genome-wide association study including 358 072 individuals of European ancestry.

Combined effects of fruit and vegetables intake and physical activity on the risk of metabolic syndrome among Chinese adults.

Background: Unbalanced dietary intake and insufficient physical activity (PA) have been recognized as risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MetS). We aimed to examine the independent and combined effects of fruit and vegetables (FV) intake and PA on MetS.

Methods And Findings: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among residents of China in 2009, with fasting blood samples collected.