[Raman spectroscopic study on the fluid effects in dissolution and phase transition mechanisms of gypsum].

Raman spectroscopic studies on the process of dissolution and phase transition of gypsum in different fluids were taken. Gypsum took phase transition to be anhydrite in the range from 170 degrees C to 190 degrees C in pure water, and no more change happened with decreasing temperature to room temperature. Gypsum took phase transition to be anhydrite in the range from 170 degrees C to 190 degrees C too in Na2 SO4 solution, but anhydrite can regain to be gypsum when temperature decreases to room temperature.

[Research on Raman spectra of calcite phase transition at high pressure].

The present research studied the process of phase transition from calcite-I to calcite-III under the condition of high hydrostatic pressure using hydrothermal diamond anvil cell and Raman spectrum technique. The hydrothermal diamond anvil cell is the most useful instrument to observe sample in-situation under high temperature and high pressure. The authors can get effective results from this instrument and pursue further research.

[Research on the experiment of hydrogen isotope fractionation using diamond anvil cell and Raman spectra].

Hydrothermal diamond-anvil cell and Raman spectroscopy were used to measure the hydrogen isotope fractionation factor between gypsum and liquid water. Hydrogen isotopes of deuterium (D) and hydrogen (H) show the largest relative mass difference in all stable isotope systems. The exchange reaction between D and H would easily take place and the extent of exchange would be larger than others under same condition.

[Research on Raman spectra of benzoic acid during decarboxylic process].

The present research studied benzoic acid change in water and its Raman spectra in temperature rising period using hydrothermal diamond anvil cell and Raman spectrum technique. The hydrothermal diamond anvil cell is the most useful instrument to observe sample in-situation under high temperature and high pressure. The authors can get effective results from this instrument and pursue further research.

Immunogenicities of Env glycoproteins from circulating HIV-1 isolates in China focusing on the strategy of "DNA prime plus protein boost".

Background: The adenovirus-based HIV-1 vaccine developed by Merck Company suffered from an unexpected failure in September 2007. This generated a big shift in the strategy of HIV vaccine development with renewed focus on the induction of neutralizing antibodies. A major challenge in developing an HIV-1 vaccine is to identify immunogens and adopt delivery methods that can elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies against primary isolates of different genetic subtypes.

[Research on Raman spectra of heavy water at high pressure].

The present work studies the Raman spectra of heavy water at pressure from 0.1 MPa to 800 MPa at ambient temperature using the method of diamond anvil cell and Raman spectrum technique. The result shows that the Raman peak of heavy water moves to lower frequency, and the linear relationship exists between Raman shift and pressure.

Increased sensitivity for detecting avian influenza-specific antibodies by a modified hemagglutination inhibition assay using horse erythrocytes.

The hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay is a widely used serological method to measure the levels of protective antibody responses against influenza viruses. However, the traditional HI assay which uses chicken erythrocytes is not sufficiently sensitive for detecting HI antibodies specific to avian influenza viruses. Previously, it was demonstrated that employing an assay using horse erythrocytes was able to increase the sensitivity of HI assay.

Novel DNA vaccine based on hepatitis B virus core gene induces specific immune responses in Balb/c mice.

Aim: To investigate the immunogenicity of a novel DNA vaccine, pSW3891/HBc, based on HBV core gene in Balb/c mice.

Methods: A novel DNA vaccine, pSW3891/HBc, encoding HBV core gene was constructed using a vector plasmid pSW3891. Balb/c mice were immunized with either pSW3891/HBc or empty vector DNA via gene gun.

[Immunogenicity of new DNA vaccine encoding for hepatitis B virus core antigen].

Objectives: To observe immunogenicity of new DNA vaccine encoding for hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg).

Methods: A new DNA vaccine (pSW3891/HBc) encoding for hepatitis B virus core antigen was constructed using plasmid pSW3891 which can be used in human. Control and experiment groups of Balb/c mice were immunized with pSW3891 or pSW3891/HBc by gene gun.