Extrahepatic bile duct reconstruction in pigs with heterogenous animal-derived artificial bile ducts: A preliminary experience.

Background: Extrahepatic biliary duct injury (BDI) remains a complicated issue for surgeons. Although several approaches have been explored to address this problem, the high incidence of complications affects postoperative recovery. As a nonimmunogenic scaffold, an animal-derived artificial bile duct (ada-BD) could replace the defect, providing good physiological conditions for the regeneration of autologous bile duct structures without changing the original anatomical and physiologic conditions.

New Approaches for Biaryl-Based Phosphine Ligand Synthesis via P═O Directed C-H Functionalizations.

Given the important influence of phosphine ligands in transition metal-catalyzed reactions, chemists have searched for straightforward and efficient methodologies for the synthesis of diverse phosphine ligands. Although significant progress has been made in this aspect over the past decades, the development of new phosphorus-containing ligands with properties superior to their predecessors remains a central task for chemists. Recently, researchers have demonstrated that biphenyl monophosphine ligands function as highly efficient ligands for transition-metal-catalyzed organic transformations, especially for reactions where chelating bisphosphine ligands cannot be used.

P(O)R-Directed Enantioselective C-H Olefination toward Chiral Atropoisomeric Phosphine-Olefin Compounds.

An effective synthesis of chiral atropoisomeric biaryl phosphine-olefin compounds via palladium-catalyzed enantioselective C-H olefination has been developed for the first time. The reactions are operationally simple, tolerate wide functional groups, and have a good ee value. Notably, P(O)R not only acts as the directing group to direct C-H activation in order to make a useful ligand but also serves to facilitate composition of the product in a useful manner in this transformation.

Dearomatization of Indoles via Palladium-Catalyzed Allylic C-H Activation.

The first Pd-catalyzed allylic dearomatization of substituted indoles triggered by C-H bond activation is reported. The presence of a catalytic amount of 2,5-DMBQ is proven to be a key factor for the high yield. This one-pot tandem allylic C-H activation/dearomatization sequence provides a straightforward access to 3,3-disubstituted indolines.

Significance of thrombocytosis in clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of gastric cancer.

Purpose: We aimed to study the relationship between thrombocytosis and clinical features of gastric cancer focussing on platelet counts and gastric cancer progression through different TNM stages.

Methods: According to the normal range of platelet count in our institution, 1,596 patients were divided to two groups: a thrombocytosis group (120 patients, >400?1000/μL) and a control group (1,476 patients, ≤400?1000/μL).

Results: The incidence of thrombocytosis was 7.

Regio- and stereoselective allylic C-H arylation with electron-deficient arenes by 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol-palladium cooperation.

A palladium-catalyzed allylic C-H arylation reaction with electron-deficient arenes with high regio- and stereoselectivity is reported. This work represents the first successful use of 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol as the ancillary ligand in allylic C-H activation, which is the key factor for chemoselectivity. Furthermore, high selectivity allylic C-H acetoxylation and amination were also successfully achieved under the same catalytic system.

Palladium-catalyzed R2(O)P directed C(sp2)-H acetoxylation.

A novel and efficient Pd-catalyzed C-H acetoxylation is described. The approach uses R2(O)P as a directing group to synthesize various substituted 2'-phosphorylbiphenyl-2-OAc compounds. Notably, the reaction exhibits smooth operation under mild conditions and shows good functional group tolerance.

Comparison of Cancer Incidence between China and the USA.

Objective: The incidence of cancer varies around the globe, especially between less-developed and developed regions. The aim of this study is to explore differences in cancer incidence between China and the USA.

Methods: Data were obtained from the GLOBOCAN 2008 database.