Evaluating the Impact of Multimodal Prehabilitation with High Protein Oral Nutritional Supplementation (HP ONS) with Beta-Hydroxy Beta-Methylbutyrate (HMB) on Sarcopenic Surgical Patients-Interim Analysis of the HEROS Study.

Background: Multimodal prehabilitation programs, which may incorporate nutritional supplementation and exercise, have been developed to combat sarcopenia in surgical patients to enhance post-operative outcomes. However, the optimal regime remains unknown. The use of beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) has beneficial effects on muscle mass and strength.

Single and Dual Task Gait Speed in Frailty Screening of Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Objective: This study compares dual task (DT) gait speed between robust and frail older adults in the setting of a community-based frailty screening program.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving older adults aged 50 years or older. Participants were categorized as robust, pre-frail or frail using the FRAIL phenotype.

Associations of 2 Established Methods of Measuring Gait Speed and Sit-To-Stand Performance with Frailty and Life-Space Mobility in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Objectives: The 4-m gait speed (4mGS) and 10-m gait speed (10mGS) tests and the 30-second sit-to-stand (30sSTS) and 5-times sit-to-stand (5xSTS) tests are commonly used and advocated in consensus recommendations. We compared these tests on their predictive and clinical value concerning the risk of prefrailty/frailty and restricted life-space mobility (RLSM).

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Intrinsic capacity assessment using World Health Organization Integrated Care for Older People Step 1, and the association with frailty in community dwelling older adults.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the association between intrinsic capacity (IC) and frailty in community-dwelling older adults. Specifically, we examined the utility of the World Health Organization's Integrated Care for Older People Step 1 screen for identifying frail older persons in the community.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of a community frailty screening initiative.

Using item response theory to estimate interpretation threshold values for the Frailty Index in community dwelling older adults.

Background: Although the frailty index (FI) is designed as a continuous measure of frailty, thresholds are often needed to guide its interpretation. This study aimed to introduce and demonstrate the utility of an item response theory (IRT) method in estimating FI interpretation thresholds in community-dwelling adults and to compare them with cutoffs estimated using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) method.

Methods: A sample of 1,149 community-dwelling adults (mean[SD], 68[7] years) participated in this cross-sectional study.

Estimating cutpoints of gait speed and sit-to-stand test values for self-reported mobility limitations in a cohort of community-dwelling older adults from Singapore: comparing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis with adjusted predictive modelling.

Objectives: Clinical interpretability of the gait speed and 5-times sit-to-stand (5-STS) tests is commonly established by comparing older adults with and without self-reported mobility limitations (SRML) on gait speed and 5-STS performance, and estimating clinical cutpoints for SRML using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) method. Accumulating evidence, however, suggests that the adjusted predictive modeling (APM) method may be more appropriate to estimate these interpretational cutpoints. Thus, we aimed to compare, in community-dwelling older adults, gait speed and 5-STS cutpoints estimated using the ROC and APM methods.

Associations of height, weight, and body mass index with handgrip strength: A Bayesian comparison in older adults.

Background & Aims: Handgrip strength is commonly normalized or stratified by body size to define subgroup-specific cut-points and reference limits values. However, it remains unclear which anthropometric variable is most strongly associated with handgrip strength. We aimed to, in older adults with no self-reported mobility limitations, determine whether height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were meaningfully associated with handgrip strength.

Development and validation of a physical frailty phenotype index-based model to estimate the frailty index.

Background: The conventional count-based physical frailty phenotype (PFP) dichotomizes its criterion predictors-an approach that creates information loss and depends on the availability of population-derived cut-points. This study proposes an alternative approach to computing the PFP by developing and validating a model that uses PFP components to predict the frailty index (FI) in community-dwelling older adults, without the need for predictor dichotomization.

Methods: A sample of 998 community-dwelling older adults (mean [SD], 68 [7] years) participated in this prospective cohort study.

Evidence of High-Intensity Exercise on Lower Limb Functional Outcomes and Safety in Acute and Subacute Stroke Population: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review investigated the effects of high-intensity exercise (HIE) on lower limb (LL) function in acute and subacute stroke patients. A systematic electronic search was performed in PubMed, CINAHL and the Web of Science from inception to 30 June 2022. Outcomes examined included LL function and measures of activities of daily living such as the Barthel index, 6 min walk test (6MWT), gait speed and Berg balance scale (BBS), adverse events and safety outcomes.

Intrinsic capacity rather than intervention exposure influences reversal to robustness among prefrail community-dwelling older adults: A non-randomized controlled study of a multidomain exercise and nutrition intervention.

Background: The differential risk profiles associated with prefrailty may be attributable to underlying intrinsic capacity (IC).

Objectives: We examine (i) effect of a multi-domain physical exercise and nutrition intervention on pre-frailty reversal in community-dwelling older adults at 1-year, and (ii) whether IC contributes to pre-frailty reversal.

Methods: Prefrail participants in this non-randomized study were invited to attend a 4-month exercise and nutritional intervention following a frailty screen in the community.

Screening accuracy of percentage predicted gait speed for prefrailty/frailty in community-dwelling older adults.

Aim: In order to account for the variability in gait speed due to demographic factors, an observed gait speed value can be compared with its predicted value based on age, sex, and body height (observed gait speed divided by predicted gait speed, termed "GS%predicted" henceforth). This study aimed to examine the screening accuracy of an optimal GS%predicted threshold for prefrailty/frailty.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 998 community-dwelling ambulant participants aged >50 years (mean age = 68 years).

Reference Ranges for Gait Speed and Sit-to-Stand Performance in a Cohort of Mobility-Intact Community-Dwelling Older Adults From Singapore.

Objectives: Slow gait speed and sit-to-stand performance are associated with adverse clinical outcomes in older adults. Identifying older adults with functional performance "below norms" is the first step toward prevention. We aimed to (1) examine the associations of age, body height, and gender with gait speed and sit-to-stand performance and (2) develop subgroup-specific reference ranges in older adults with no self-reported mobility limitations.

Multidomain Geriatric Screen and Physical Fitness Assessment Identify Prefrailty/Frailty and Potentially Modifiable Risk Factors in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Introduction: Frailty begins in middle life and manifests as a decline in functional fitness. We described a model for community frailty screening and factors associated with prefrailty and frailty and fitness measures to distinguish prefrail/frail from robust older adults. We also compared the Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illnesses and Loss of weight (FRAIL) scale against Fried frailty phenotype and Frailty Index (FI).