Molecular Charge and Antibacterial Performance Relationships of Aggregation-Induced Emission Photosensitizers.

Bacterial infections remain a major cause of morbidity worldwide due to drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising approach to overcome this drug resistance. However, existing photosensitizers (PSs) are broad-spectrum antibacterial agents that dysregulate the microflora balance resulting in undesirable side effects.

Method of Setting Environmental Administrative Fine Amounts.

In China, there are currently different degrees of arbitrariness in setting environmental administrative fines, and in many areas the faults are not equal to the penalties. To construct a more reasonable and feasible environmental punishment strategy where violators are fined in accordance with the severity of their actions, we use mathematical models to determine the specific range of environmental administrative fines based on the idea of realizing the appropriate balance between the interest of the violators and those of the public, meanwhile, law enforcement officers are allowed to use their discretion within a certain range. We use an example to prove that the punishment scheme provided by our models can be used to more effectively supervise violators' illegal behaviors than the penalty clause prescribed by law, and through sensitivity analysis and comparison, we prove that the described models are stable and feasible, and provide advantages over the existing methods.

[Difference in oxygen uptake in skeletal muscles between plateau zokor (Myospalax rufescens baileyi) and plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniac)].

To investigate the difference between the functions of oxygen uptake in skeletal muscle and living habits of plateau zokor (Myospalax rufescens baileyi) and plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniac), the microvessel densities (MVD) of skeletal muscle of plateau zokor, plateau pika and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat were measured by immunohistochemical staining; the numerical density on area (N(A)) of mitochondria, and surface density (S(V), external surface area density of mitochondria per unit volume of skeletal muscle fiber) were obtained by stereo microscope technique; mRNA levels of myoglobin (Mb) in skeletal muscle were determined by real-time PCR, and the contents of Mb protein in skeletal muscle were determined by spectro-photometer. The results showed that MVD, N(A) and S(V) of mitochondria in skeletal muscle of plateau pika were significantly lower than those of plateau zokor and SD rat (P<0.05).

[Hypoxic adaptation of the hearts of plateau zokor (Myospalax baileyi) and plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae)].

Plateau zokor (Myospalax baileyi) and plateau pika (Ochotona curzniae) are native to the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. To study their adaptive mechanisms, the ratios of heart weight to body weight (HW/BW) and right to left ventricular plus septum weights [RV/(LV+S)] were determined; the microvessel density (MVD) of cardiac muscle were measured by immunohistochemical staining; the numerical density on area (N(A)), volume density (V(V)), specific surface (δ), and surface density (S(V)) of mitochondria were obtained by microscopy and stereology; the contents of myoglobin (Mb) and lactic acid (LD), and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in cardiac muscle were analyzed by spectrophotometer. The results showed that the HW/BW of plateau zokor [(4.