Blocking reverse electron transfer-mediated mitochondrial DNA oxidation rescues cells from PANoptosis.

PANoptosis is a new type of cell death featured with pyroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis, and is implicated in organ injury and mortality in various inflammatory diseases, such as sepsis and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Reverse electron transport (RET)-mediated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) has been shown to contribute to pyroptosis and necroptosis. In this study we investigated the roles of mtROS and RET in PANoptosis induced by TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) inhibitor 5Z-7-oxozeaenol (Oxo) plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as well as the effects of anti-RET reagents on PANoptosis.

Anti-Necroptotic Effects of Itaconate and its Derivatives.

Itaconate is an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid that is derived from the decarboxylation of the Krebs cycle intermediate cis-aconitate and has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial/viral properties. But the mechanisms underlying itaconate's anti-inflammatory activities are not fully understood. Necroptosis, a lytic form of regulated cell death (RCD), is mediated by receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), RIPK3, and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) signaling.

Dimethyl fumarate inhibits necroptosis and alleviates systemic inflammatory response syndrome by blocking the RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL axis.

Necroptosis has been implicated in various inflammatory diseases including tumor-necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), a first-line drug for treating relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), has been shown to be effective against various inflammatory diseases. However, it is still unclear whether DMF can inhibit necroptosis and confer protection against SIRS.

Antinociceptive C-diterpenoid alkaloids from the roots of .

Three new C-diterpenoid alkaloids, nagarumines A-C (), together two known alkaloids, deoxyaconitine () and N-deethyldeoxyaconitine (), were isolated from the roots of . The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectral methods such as 1D and 2D (H-H COSY, HMQC, and HMBC) NMR spectroscopy, as well as high resolution mass spectrometry. The pharmacological studies revealed that nagarumine C () possessed comparable antinociceptive activity (ED = 76.

Baicalin inhibits necroptosis by decreasing oligomerization of phosphorylated MLKL and mitigates caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in mice.

Necroptosis is a form of regulated necrosis mainly controlled by receptor-interacting protein kinases 3 (RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL). Necroptosis has important roles in defensing against pathogenic infections, but it is also implicated in various inflammatory diseases including pancreatitis. Baicalin, a flavonoid from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-pyroptosis properties, yet it is unclear whether baicalin can inhibit necroptosis and confer protection against necroptosis-related diseases.

Dimethyl fumarate ameliorates autoimmune hepatitis in mice by blocking NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a fumaric acid derivative clinically approved for the treatment of some inflammatory diseases, but the underlying mechanism for its therapeutic effects remains incompletely understood. NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation has critical roles in innate immune responses to various infections and sterile inflammations. In this study, we aimed to explore whether DMF affects auto-immune hepatitis (AIH) in mice induced by concanavalin A (Con A) by modulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Taraxasterol mitigates Con A-induced hepatitis in mice by suppressing interleukin-2 expression and its signaling in T lymphocytes.

Discovery of anti-inflammatory drugs that can suppress T lymphocyte activation and proliferation by inhibiting TCR/CD3 and IL-2/IL-2R signaling is still needed in clinic, though rapamycin and other related reagents have made great success. Taraxasterol (TAS) is an active ingredient of dandelion, an anti-inflammatory medicinal herb with low in vivo toxicity that has long been used in China. Yet the action mechanism of TAS on lymphocytes remains elusive.

[Health care status of female workers exposed to occupational hazards in Haidian district of Beijing].

Objective: To investigate the health care status of female workers exposed to occupational hazards in Haidian district of Beijing and improve the labor protection of female workers.

Methods: A questionnaire provided by National Center for Women and Children's Health of Chinese CDC was used in the survey conducted to collect information about health care status of female workers in 141 factories with occupational hazards including chemical poisons and physical factors (noise, libration, microwave, high frequency and low temperature).

Results: 141 factories were investigated, including 53 state-owned enterprises, 21 collective enterprises, 46 joint-stock enterprises, and 21 non-public enterprises.