An oral vaccine based on the Ad5 vector with a double-stranded RNA adjuvant protects mice against respiratory syncytial virus.

A safe and effective vaccine is urgently needed to prevent acute respiratory infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Oral administration offers several advantages, including ease of delivery, minimal stress for vaccine recipients, and greater safety than the systemic injection. In this study, we developed an oral vaccine candidate based on the human adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) vector, Ad5-PreF-DS2, encoding a prefusion protein of RSV with a dsRNA as an endogenous adjuvant.

Genome-wide identification and analysis of autophagy-related genes (ATGs) in Lycium ruthenicum Murray reveals their crucial roles in salt stress tolerance.

Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular degradation system that is crucial for nutrient recycling, thus regulating plant growth and development as well as in response to various stresses. Halophytic plant Lycium ruthenicum Murray (L. ruthenicum) is considered as a potential model plant for studying the physiological mechanisms of salt stress tolerance in plants.

Harnessing the TAF1 Acetyltransferase for Targeted Acetylation of the Tumor Suppressor p53.

Pharmacological reactivation of the tumor suppressor p53 remains a key challenge for the treatment of cancer. Acetylation Targeting Chimera (AceTAC), a novel technology is previously reported that hijacks lysine acetyltransferases p300/CBP to acetylate the p53Y220C mutant. However, p300/CBP are the only acetyltransferases harnessed for AceTAC development to date.

The gut microbiota mediates memory impairment under high-altitude hypoxia via the gut-brain axis in mice.

Hypoxia is a predominant risk factor at high altitudes, and evidence suggests that high-altitude hypoxia alters the gut microbiota, which plays an essential regulatory role in memory function. However, the causal relationship between the gut microbiota and memory impairment under hypoxic conditions remains unclear. In this study, we employed a high-altitude hypoxia model combined with fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) approach in mice to explore the effects of the gut microbiota on memory impairment in a hypoxic environment.

Highly Oriented WS Monolayers for High-Performance Electronics.

2D transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) semiconductors represent the most promising channel materials for post-silicon microelectronics due to their unique structure and electronic properties. However, it remains challenging to synthesize wide-bandgap TMDCs monolayers featuring large areas and high performance simultaneously. Herein, highly oriented WS monolayers are reproducibly synthesized through a templated growth strategy on vicinal C/A-plane sapphire wafers.

In situ size amplification strategy reduces lymphatic clearance for enhanced arthritis therapy.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by painful swelling and inflammation, arising from the immune system attacking on healthy cells. However, arthritic sites often experience increased lymph flow, hastening drug clearance and potentially reducing treatment effectiveness. To address this challenge, an in situ size amplification has been proposed to reduce lymphatic clearance and thereby enhance arthritis therapy.

Multi-enzyme assemblies both in the cell membrane and cytoplasm boost intracellular lycopene production.

The multi-enzyme assembly system demonstrates remarkable potential in enhancing both intracellular and extracellular enzyme catalysis. In this study, we employed a novel icosahedral protein cage, Mi3, as a protein scaffold and combined it with an ester bond-based peptide tagging system, ReverseTag/ReverseCatcher, to improve the enzymatic catalytic efficiency both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, we fused ReverseTag to the N-terminal of exo-inulinase (EXINU) from Pseudomonas mucidolens, yielding ReverseTag-EXINU, which effectively bound to the surface of the ReverseCatcher-Mi3 protein cage.

Programmable Self-Assembly from Two-Dimensional Nanosheets to Spiral, Twisted and Branched Nanostructures.

Self-assembly of nanomaterials into hierarchical structure is of great interest to fabricate functional materials. However, programmable design of the assembled structures remains a great challenge. Herein, we reported a programmable self-assembly strategy to customize the assembled structure.

Development of 3D Printable Silver Carp () Surimi Gel with Dynamic High-Pressure Microfluidization-Modified Pea Protein Isolate and Microcrystalline Cellulose.

Sliver carp is a nutritious and abundant species in China, but its low market value stems from its thin meat, small bones and strong odor. Processing it into surimi enhances its economic value, though surimi typically has low gel strength and is prone to deterioration. Recently, three-dimensional (3D) printing has gained attention as an innovative additive manufacturing technique for personalization and process simplification requiring high-performance materials.

IL-17A exacerbates synovial inflammation in osteoarthritis via activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress.

The primary clinical manifestations of osteoarthritis (OA) are joint pain and restricted movement capabilities. Synovial inflammation, serving as an initiator of OA progression, intensifies cartilage damage via the generation of various deleterious agents, including pro-inflammatory cytokines and nociceptive mediators. Despite extensive research on modulating synovial inflammation to retard OA progression, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of synovial inflammation in OA remain elusive.

Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 65 Antibody-associated Epilepsy and Diplopia: Two Case Reports with Literature Review.

Glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) antibody-associated epilepsy and diplopia are relatively rare. This article retrospectively analyzed the disease development, diagnosis and treatment process of two cases of GAD65-associated epilepsy with diplopia. Both patients initially exhibited seizures, followed by the onset of diplopia and nystagmus.

Quercetin and Astragaloside IV Mitigate the Developmental Abnormalities Induced by Gestational Exposure to Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles.

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) are extensively utilized in the commercial and biomedical sectors, posing heightened risks of potential cytotoxicity through various mechanisms. Nonetheless, the regulatory framework governing the gestational toxicity of ZnO NPs and the corresponding intervention strategies remain largely obscure. In this study, using the model, we observed that gestational exposure to ZnO NPs led to growth and developmental anomalies in a dose-dependent manner when compared with the control (no ZnO NP exposure).

Recent advances in nanoadjuvant-triggered STING activation for enhanced cancer immunotherapy.

The development of effective cancer treatments is a popular in contemporary medical research. Immunotherapy, the fourth most common cancer treatment method, relies on activating autoimmune function to eradicate tumors and exhibits advantages such as a good curative effect and few side effects. In recent years, tumor vaccines that activate the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway are being actively researched in the field of immunotherapy; however, their application is still limited because of the rapid clearance rate of tumor-related lymph nodes and low efficiency of antigen presentation.

YOLO-SDL: a lightweight wheat grain detection technology based on an improved YOLOv8n model.

Wheat, being a crucial global food crop, holds immense significance for food safety and agricultural economic stability, as the quality and condition of its grains are critical factors. Traditional methods of wheat grain detection are inefficient, and the advancements in deep learning offer a novel solution for fast and accurate grain recognition. This study proposes an improved deep learning model based on YOLOv8n, referred to as YOLO-SDL, aiming to achieve efficient wheat grain detection.

Cryo-EM structure of Nipah virus L-P polymerase complex.

Nipah virus (NiV) is a non-segmented, negative-strand (NNS) RNA virus, belonging to Paramyxoviridae. The RNA polymerase complex, composed of large (L) protein and tetrameric phosphoprotein (P), is responsible for genome transcription and replication by catalyzing NTP polymerization, mRNA capping and cap methylation. Here, we determine the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of fully bioactive NiV L-P polymerase complex at a resolution of 3.

Mycobacterium paragordonae pulmonary disease with rapidly growing solitary lesions: a case report and literature review.

Introduction: Mycobacterium paragordonae (MPG) is a novel and uncommon nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM). We describe a case of MPG pulmonary disease (MPGPD) with a single, rapidly growing, pulmonary mass, which has rarely been reported.

Case Report: A chest CT scan of a 66-year-old woman revealed a rapidly growing solitary mass-like lesion in the upper lobe of the right lung, which was not seen in the previous chest CT scan six months ago.

Synergistic toxicity of compound heterozygous mutations in the COL4A3 gene causes end-stage renal disease in A large family of Alport syndrome.

Alport syndrome (AS) is a genetic disorder characterized by kidney disease and hearing/vision abnormalities, resulting from mutations in the COL4A3, COL4A4, or COL4A5 genes. While numerous mutations have been identified in AS cases, the precise molecular mechanisms, particularly for compound mutations, remain under investigation. This study investigated the molecular mechanisms of AS in a proband with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) using whole exome sequencing, which identified two compound heterozygous COL4A3 missense mutations: NM_000091.

Interface Charge Engineering in Ferroelectric Neuristors for a Complete Machine Vision System.

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence has driven the demand for hardware solutions of neuromorphic pathways to effectively mimic biological functions of the human visual system. However, current machine vision systems (MVSs) fail to fully replicate retinal functions and lack the ability to update weights through all-optical pulses. Here, by employing rational interface charge engineering via varying the charge trapping layer thickness of PMMA, we determine that the ferroelectric polarization of our ferroelectric neuristors can be flexibly manipulated through light or electrical pulses.

Up-to-date advance in the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and heart failure: a narrative review.

Purpose: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is recognized as an independent and significant risk factor for various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular conditions, including heart failure (HF). In this review, we explore the impact of OSA on HF, examine shared contributing factors and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, and assess the treatment options for OSA and their potential therapeutic value in HF patients.

Methods: Pubmed/MEDLINE were searched through September 2024 to explore the relationship between OSA and HF.

Peripheral nerve-derived CSF1 induces BMP2 expression in macrophages to promote nerve regeneration and wound healing.

The precise mechanisms regulating inflammatory and prorepair macrophages have not been fully elucidated, despite the pivotal role played by innate immunity in wound healing. We first employed a denervation wound model to validate the crosstalk between neurons and macrophages. Compared to normal wound healing, the denervation wound healing process involved fewer macrophages, decreased angiogenesis, and delayed wound healing.

Ordered assemblies of peptide nanoparticles with only positive charge.

Surface charge patchiness of different charge types can influence the solution behaviours of colloidal particles and globular proteins. Herein, coiled-coil 'bundlemer' nanoparticles that display only a single type of surface charge (SC) are computationally designed to compare their solution behaviours to mixed charge-type (MC) counterparts with both positively and negatively charged side chains. Nematic and columnar liquid crystal phases are discovered in low concentrations of SC particles, indicative of particle end-to-end stacking into columns combined with lateral electrostatic repulsion between columns, while MC particles with the same net charge and particle shape produced only amorphous, soluble aggregates.

Dual receptor-binding, infectivity, and transmissibility of an emerging H2N2 low pathogenicity avian influenza virus.

The 1957 H2N2 influenza pandemic virus [A(H2N2)pdm1957] has disappeared from humans since 1968, while H2N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are still circulating in birds. It is necessary to reveal the recurrence risk and potential cross-species infection of these AIVs from avian to mammals. We find that H2 AIVs circulating in domestic poultry in China have genetic and antigenic differences compared to the A(H2N2)pdm1957.

Design and practice of educational experiments on genetic epistasis.

Genetic epistasis is a fundamental concept in genetics that describes how interactions between genes determine phenotypic traits. To enhance students' understanding and practical application of genetic epistasis, this experiment is designed and conducted using gene mutations in the adenine biosynthesis pathway of (baker's yeast). is a classic model organism for genetic teaching experiments.

Discovery of a Noncovalent Cell-Penetrating Bicyclic Peptide Inhibitor Targeting SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease.

Macrocyclic peptides have garnered significant attention as promising drug candidates. However, they typically face challenges in achieving and enhancing cell permeability for access to intracellular targets. In this study, we focused on the screening of macrocyclic peptide inhibitors against the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 and identified novel noncovalently bound macrocyclic peptides that effectively inhibit proteolytic activity.