Chemically Resolved Respiratory Deposition of Ultrafine Particles Characterized by Number Concentration in the Urban Atmosphere.

Ultrafine particles (UFPs) dominate the atmospheric particles in number concentration, impacting human health and climate change. However, existing studies primarily rely on mass-based approaches, leading to a restricted understanding of the number-based and chemically resolved health effects of atmospheric UFPs. In this study, we utilized a high-mass-resolution single-particle aerosol mass spectrometer to investigate the online chemical composition and number size distribution of ultrafine, fine, and coarse particles during the summertime in urban Shenzhen, China.

Internal exposure potential of water-soluble organic molecules in urban PM evaluated by non-covalent adductome of human serum albumin.

Water-soluble organic molecules (WSOMs) in inhaled PM can readily translocate from the lungs into the blood circulation, facilitating their distribution to and health effects on distant organs and tissues in the human body. Human serum albumin (HSA), the most abundant protein carrier in the blood, readily binds exogenous substances to form non-covalent adducts and subsequently transports them throughout the circulatory system, thereby indicating their internal exposure. The direct internal exposure of WSOMs in PM needs to be understood.

Impact of antioxidants on PM oxidative potential, radical level, and cytotoxicity.

Antioxidants are typically seen as agents that mitigate environmental health risks due to their ability to scavenge free radicals. However, our research presents a paradox where these molecules, particularly those within lung fluid, act as prooxidants in the presence of airborne particulate matter (PM), thus enhancing PM oxidative potential (OP). In our study, we examined a range of antioxidants found in the respiratory system (e.

Impact of Ship Emissions on Air Quality in the Greater Bay Area in China under the Latest Global Marine Fuel Regulation.

As the main anthropogenic source in open seas and coastal areas, ship emissions impact the climate, air quality, and human health. The latest marine fuel regulation with a sulfur content limit of 0.5% went into effect globally on January 1, 2020.

Rapid antidepressant-like effect of Fructus Aurantii depends on cAMP-response element binding protein/Brain-derived neurotrophic facto by mediating synaptic transmission.

Several studies reported the relative antidepressant effects of Fructus Aurantii (FRA) with repeated treatment, the rapid antidepressant effects of FRA and the underlying mechanisms remained unclear. We, therefore, examined the rapid antidepressant actions of FRA in behavioral tests in mice and tested the underlying molecular mechanisms. We found FRA, like ketamine, reversed the behavioral deficits both in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced and learned helplessness (LH) models at 1 day after a single administration.

Effects of exogenous Ca on stomatal traits, photosynthesis, and biomass of maize seedings under salt stress.

Understanding the responses of stomatal structure, photosynthesis and biomass of maize to exogenous Ca addition under NaCl stress has important significance for further uncovering the alleviative mechanism of exogenous Ca on maize under salt stress. We examined the effects of exogenous Ca(0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 mmol·L) on the stomatal structure, photosynthesis and biomass of maize (Zea mays L. cv.

Neural substrate of posterior left atrium: A novel modulation for inducibility and remodeling of atrial fibrillation in canine.

Background: The neural mechanism of posterior left atrium (PLA) for genesis of atrial fibrillation has not been completely elucidated. We sought to assess the contribution of PLA denervation on atrial fibrillation (AF) inducibility and atrial remodeling.

Methods And Results: After left thoracotomy in anesthetized dogs (n = 32), electrode catheters were attached to the PLA, left atrial roof, left pulmonary vein and left atrial appendage.

A fluoride-sensing receptor based on 2,2'-bis(indolyl)methane by dual-function of colorimetry and fluorescence.

A compound based on 2,2'-bis(indolyl)methane containing nitro group was studied as a new anion receptor. It could recognize selectively F(-) by an increasing fluorescence signal and a visible color change from colorless to blue. The introduction of nitro group induced the spectral dual-function related to the deprotonation of N-H protons.

Bladder Tumor Heterogeneity: The Impact on Clinical Treatment.

Bladder cancer relapse and treatment failure in most patients have often been attributed to chemoresistance in tumor cells and metastasis. Emerging evidence indicates that tumor heterogeneity may play an equally important role and extends to virtually all measurable properties of cancer cells. Although the idea of tumor heterogeneity is not new, little attention has been paid to applying it to understand and control bladder cancer progression.

Warburg effect or reverse Warburg effect? A review of cancer metabolism.

Cancer is a major threat to human health. A considerable amount of research has focused on elucidating the nature of cancer from its pathogenesis to treatment and prevention. Tumor cell metabolism has been considered a hallmark of cancer.

Effects of endothelin-1 chronic stimulation on electrical restitution, beat-to-beat variability of repolarization, and ventricular arrhythmogenesis.

Chronically elevated levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) have been detected in several cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we investigated the chronic effects of ET-1 on the electrophysiological characteristics expected to influence the genesis and maintenance of ventricular arrhythmia (VA). Rabbits were randomized to ET-1 (ET-1 group) or 0.

Spatiotemporal modeling and analysis of transient gene delivery.

A quantitative and mechanistic understanding of intracellular transport processes in eukaryotic cells during transient transfection is an important prerequisite for the systematic and specific optimization of transient gene expression procedures for pharmaceutic and industrial protein production. There is evidence that intracellular transport processes during gene delivery and their regulation may have significant influence on the transfection efficiency. This contribution describes a compartmented, spatiotemporally resolved and stochastic modeling approach that describes intracellular transport processes responsible for gene delivery during transient transfection.

Repeated fed-batch lactic acid production in a packed bed-stirred fermentor system using a pH feedback feeding method.

Lactic acid production by repeated fed-batch fermentation using free and immobilized cells of Lactobacillus lactis-11 in a packed bed-stirred fermentor (PBSF) system filled with different support materials including ceramic beads, macro-activated carbon cylinders and glass fiber balls was investigated. The results showed that the optimal support materials were the ceramic beads with diameters of 1-2 mm. Compared with the free cell fermentation system, lactic acid production and volumetric productivity in the PBSF system increased by 16.

Risk factors for pneumonia caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli among liver recipients.

Pneumonia caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacilli is associated with a higher mortality rate. The appropriate empiric therapy is based on the understanding of local etiology and MDR pattern. This study was to evaluate the spectrum of Gram-negative bacilli, MDR rate, risk factors and mortality in 475 liver transplantation (LT) recipients.

The effect of bilateral pelvic neurectomy on uterine and abdominal electrical and pressure activity, as measured by telemetry in conscious, unrestrained pregnant rats.

Aims: Bilateral pelvic neurectomy (BPN) interferes with delivery in rats. This work measures the effect of BPN on uterine and abdominal electromyography (EMG) and pressure during gestation and delivery.

Methods: Uterine EMG and intra-uterine pressure (IUP), as well as abdominal muscle EMG and intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), were recorded on days 19-24 in rats.

Quantitative risk stratification and individual comprehensive therapy for invasive bladder cancers in China.

Background: To evaluate the risk factors for invasive bladder cancer and to develop a predictive model for the improvement of individual comprehensive therapy for invasive bladder cancers.

Materials And Methods: The records of 356 patients with invasive bladder cancer, operated on at three Chinese medical institutes, were reviewed. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess the clinical and pathological variables affecting disease-free survival (DFS).

Conception and pharmacodynamic profile of drospirenone.

Progesterone is more than a progestin. Beyond functions in cycle and pregnancy, progesterone binds with high affinity to the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) acting as an antagonist, with obvious significance for electrolyte homeostasis, an array of MR-related functions in the circulation as well as in the CNS. Progesterone induces natriuresis at physiological concentrations.