Monomethyl fumarate attenuates lung Ischemia/Reperfusion injury by disrupting the GAPDH/Siah1 signaling cascade.

Monomethyl fumarate (MMF), a potent anti-inflammatory agent used to treat multiple sclerosis, has demonstrated efficacy in various inflammatory and ischemia/reperfusion (IR) models; however, its impact on IR-induced acute lung injury (ALI) has not been explored. We investigated, for the first time, whether MMF attenuates lung IR injury through inhibition of the GAPDH/Siah1 signaling pathway. Rats were subjected to IR injury using an isolated perfused lung model, and proximity ligation assays were employed to evaluate the presence and distribution of the GAPDH/Siah1 complex.

Alda-1 ameliorates air embolism-induced acute lung injury.

Objective: Evidence suggests that aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) offers protection against damage caused by oxidative stress in diverse rodent models. Nonetheless, the effect of Alda-1, a compound that activates ALDH2, on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by air embolism (AE) remains unclear. The objective of this study was to explore the protective effects of Alda-1 in ALI induced by AE.

Targeting Rev-Erbα to protect against ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute lung injury in rats.

Background: The dysregulation of local circadian clock has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a broad spectrum of diseases. However, the pathophysiological role of intrinsic circadian clocks Rev-Erbα in ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) remains unclear.

Methods: The IR-ALI model was established by subjecting isolated perfused rat lungs to 40 min of ischemia followed by 60 min of reperfusion.

Acetate, a gut bacterial product, ameliorates ischemia-reperfusion induced acute lung injury in rats.

Recent data suggest that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the major fermentation product from gut microbial degradation of dietary fiber, have protective effects against renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, colitis, and allergic asthma. However, the effect of SCFAs on acute lung injury (ALI) caused by IR is still unclear. In this study, we examine whether SCFAs have protective effects against IR-induced ALI and explore possible protective mechanisms.

Intermittent Exposure of Hypercapnia Suppresses Allograft Rejection via Induction of Treg Differentiation and Inhibition of Neutrophil Accumulation.

Background: In the management of major burn wounds, allogeneic skin transplantation is a critical procedure to improve wound repair. Our previous works found that intermittent exposure to carbon dioxide leads to permissive hypercapnia (HCA) and prolongs skin allograft survival. However, the modulatory effects of HCA exposure on the immune system are not well understood.

KL-6 as a Biomarker of Interstitial Lung Disease Development in Patients with Sjögren Syndrome: A Retrospective Case-Control Study.

Objective: Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) is expressed on regenerating type II pneumocytes and has been recognized as biomarkers in interstitial lung disease (ILD). We aim to identify the role of the serum KL-6 level in patients with newly diagnosed Sjögren syndrome (SS), as well as the correlation between the immunoassays.

Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed SS and receiving HRCT for clinical reason during follow-up were included.

Protease-Activated Receptor-1 Antagonist Protects Against Lung Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury.

Protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1 is a thrombin-activated receptor that plays an essential role in ischemia/reperfusion (IR)-induced acute inflammation. PAR-1 antagonists have been shown to alleviate injuries in various IR models. However, the effect of PAR-1 antagonists on IR-induced acute lung injury (ALI) has not yet been elucidated.

Poloxamer 188 Attenuates Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Lung Injury by Maintaining Cell Membrane Integrity and Inhibiting Multiple Signaling Pathways.

Poloxamer 188 (P188) possesses anti-inflammatory properties and can help to maintain plasma membrane function. P188 has been reported to exert beneficial effects in the treatment of various disorders. However, the effects of P188 in ischemia/reperfusion (IR)-induced acute lung injury have not been examined.

MRI contributes to accurate and early diagnosis of non-radiographic HLA-B27 negative axial spondyloarthritis.

Background: Nonradiographic axial spondyloarthropathies (nr-axSpA) are diagnosed by the absence of radiographic sacroiliitis and the presence of bone marrow edema (BME) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). According to the classification criteria of the international Assessment of Spondyloarthritis Society (ASAS), structural changes to sacroiliac joints (SIJs) on MRI cannot be used as criteria in the absence of BME. However, less than half the Asian patients with clinically active axSpA show BME.

Suppression of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress by 4-PBA Protects Against Hyperoxia-Induced Acute Lung Injury Up-Regulating Claudin-4 Expression.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that disrupts ER function can occur in response to a wide variety of cellular stress factors leads to the accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins in the ER. Many studies have shown that ER stress amplified inflammatory reactions and was involved in various inflammatory diseases. However, little is known regarding the role of ER stress in hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury (HALI).

2-Methoxyestradiol Protects Against Lung Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Upregulating Annexin A1 Protein Expression.

2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME), a natural 17-β estradiol metabolite, is a potent anti-inflammatory agent, but its effect on ischemia/reperfusion (IR)-induced acute lung inflammation remains unknown. Annexin A1 (AnxA1), a glucocorticoid-regulated protein, is effective at inhibiting neutrophil transendothelial migration by binding the formyl peptide receptors (FPRs). We aimed to investigate whether 2ME upregulates the expression of AnxA1 and protects against IR-induced lung damage.

Melatonin receptor agonist protects against acute lung injury induced by ventilator through up-regulation of IL-10 production.

Background: It is well known that ventilation with high volume or pressure may damage healthy lungs or worsen injured lungs. Melatonin has been reported to be effective in animal models of acute lung injury. Melatonin exerts its beneficial effects by acting as a direct antioxidant and via melatonin receptor activation.

The Blockade of Store-Operated Calcium Channels Improves Decompression Sickness in Rats.

Background: Previous investigations reveal that BTP2, a store-operated calcium channel blocker, has protective and anti-inflammatory properties in multiple inflammatory diseases. This study investigates whether BTP2 can protect against decompression sickness (DCS) in a rat model.

Methods: BTP2 (2 mg/kg) was administered to male Sprague-Dawley rats 30 min before subjecting them to hyperbaric pressure.

Pre-Treatment with Ten-Minute Carbon Dioxide Inhalation Prevents Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Lung Injury in Mice via Down-Regulation of Toll-Like Receptor 4 Expression.

Various animal studies have shown beneficial effects of hypercapnia in lung injury. However, in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), there is controversial information regarding the effect of hypercapnia on outcomes. The duration of carbon dioxide inhalation may be the key to the protective effect of hypercapnia.

An elevated glycemic gap predicts adverse outcomes in diabetic patients with necrotizing fasciitis.

Background: Diabetes is the most common comorbidity of necrotizing fasciitis (NF), but the effect of stress-induced hyperglycemia (SIH) on diabetic patients with NF has never been investigated. The aim of this study was to assess whether SIH, as determined by the glycemic gap between admission glucose levels and A1C-derived average glucose levels, predicts adverse outcomes in diabetic patients hospitalized with NF.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the glycemic gap and clinical outcomes in 252 diabetic patients hospitalized due to NF from 2011 to 2018 in a single medical center in Taiwan.

Increased risk of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients with Sjögren's syndrome: nationwide population-based cohort study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore whether patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) were susceptible to bisphosphonate (BP)-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) after tooth extraction in the entire population of Taiwan.

Design: A nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Data were extracted from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD).

PG490-88, a derivative of triptolide, suppresses ischemia/reperfusion-induced lung damage by maintaining tight junction barriers and targeting multiple signaling pathways.

Previous studies demonstrated that triptolide (PG490) has many anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. However, little is known about the effect of PG490-88 (a water-soluble derivative of triptolide) on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced acute lung injury. We assessed the effects of PG490-88 on I/R-induced acute lung injury in rats and on hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) in a line of murine epithelial cells.

Correction: Wen-I Liao, et al. Ac2-26, an Annexin A1 Peptide, Attenuates Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 1771.

The authors would like to make a correction to their published paper [1][...

Kinect-based real-time audiovisual feedback device improves CPR quality of lower-body-weight rescuers.

Background: Chest compression (CC) quality is associated with rescuer posture and body weight. We designed a Kinect module-based real-time audiovisual feedback (AVF) device to investigate the relationship between rescuer posture, body weight, and CC quality.

Methods: A total of 100 healthcare professionals were enrolled as participants in this randomized trial.

Ac2-26, an Annexin A1 Peptide, Attenuates Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Acute Lung Injury.

Annexin A1 (AnxA1) is an endogenous protein that modulates anti-inflammatory processes, and its therapeutic potential has been reported in a range of inflammatory diseases. The effect of AnxA1 on ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced lung injury has not been examined. In this study, isolated, perfused rat lungs were subjected to IR lung injury induced by ischemia for 40 min, followed by reperfusion for 60 min.