The chloroplast genome sequence and phylogenetic analysis of Rubia alata Wall and Rubia ovatifolia Z. Ying Zhang. (Rubiaceae).

Background: Rubia alata Wall (R. alata) and Rubia ovatifolia Z. Ying Zhang (R.

Advancing diabetes primary care education and knowledge in Nepal: A scoping review and case study discussion.

Aims: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disorder of insulin and glucose metabolism. It affects more than 463 million people worldwide and is expected to reach 700 million by 2045. In the Southeast Asian region, the prevalence of DM has tripled to 115 million due to rapid urbanization, unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyles, and genetic factors.

PD-L1 dimerisation induced by biphenyl derivatives mediates anti-breast cancer activity via the non-immune PD-L1-AKT-mTOR/Bcl2 pathway.

Recent studies on biphenyl-containing compounds, a type of PD-1/PD-L1 blocker which binds to PD-L1 and induces dimerisation, have focussed on its immune function. Herein, 10 novel biphenyl derivatives were designed and synthesised. The results of the CCK-8 showed that compounds have different anti-tumour activities for tumour cells in the absence of T cells.