Re-hospitalization factors and economic characteristics of urinary tract infected patients using machine learning.

Objective: Urinary tract infection is one of the most prevalent bacterial infectious diseases in outpatient treatment, and 50-80% of women experience it more than once, with a recurrence rate of 40-50% within a year; consequently, preventing re-hospitalization of patients is critical. However, in the field of urology, no research on the analysis of the re-hospitalization status for urinary tract infections using machine learning algorithms has been reported to date. Therefore, this study uses various machine learning algorithms to analyze the clinical and nonclinical factors related to patients who were re-hospitalized within 30 days of urinary tract infection.

Prevention of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Guidelines by the Korean Society of Infectious Diseases and the Korean Society for Transplantation.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most important opportunistic viral pathogen in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. The Korean guideline for the prevention of CMV infection in SOT recipients was developed jointly by the Korean Society for Infectious Diseases and the Korean Society of Transplantation. CMV serostatus of both donors and recipients should be screened before transplantation to best assess the risk of CMV infection after SOT.

Clinical Characteristics of Nocardiosis: a Multicenter Retrospective Study in Korea.

Background: Nocardiosis is a rare, but potentially life-threatening condition. It is difficult to diagnose, and bacterial culture identification can be time consuming. We investigated the characteristics of nocardiosis and the suitability of the treatment approach in Korea.

Recommendations for SARS-CoV-2 testing and organ procurement from deceased donors in the Republic of Korea.

We present a summary of the evidence on testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and organ procurement from deceased donors and provide recommendations based on current clinical data and the guidelines from major transplant organizations. Because of the limited historical experience with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), certain recommendations in this document are based on theoretical rationales rather than clinical data. The recommendations in this manuscript may be subject to revision as subsequent clinical studies provide definitive evidence regarding COVID-19 in organ procurement.

Wastewater Knows Pathogen Spread: Analysis of Residential Wastewater for Infectious Microorganisms including SARS-CoV-2.

Background: We aimed to identify the genes of 35 pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and protozoa that cause waterborne infectious diseases, and to assess the feasibility of a wastewater-based surveillance system.

Materials And Methods: Wastewater was aseptically sampled once a month from 2 sites. A total of 1 L of wastewater from each site underwent 0.

Suggested use of empirical antibiotics in acute cholecystitis based on bile microbiology and antibiotic susceptibility.

Background: Bacterial infection is common in acute cholecystitis (AC). To identify appropriate empirical antibiotics, we investigated AC-associated microorganisms and their susceptibilities to antibiotics. We also compared preoperative clinical findings of patients grouped according to specific microorganisms.

A Randomized Clinical Trial of Regdanvimab in High-Risk Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Coronavirus Disease 2019.

Background: We evaluated clinical effectiveness of regdanvimab (CT-P59), a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 neutralizing monoclonal antibody, in reducing disease progression and clinical recovery time in patients with mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), primarily Alpha variant.

Methods: This was phase 3 of a phase 2/3 parallel-group, double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Outpatients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 were randomized to single-dose regdanvimab 40 mg/kg (n = 656) or placebo (n = 659), alongside standard of care.

Clinical Characteristics and Pregnancy-Related Outcomes of Pregnant Women Hospitalized with COVID-19 During the Delta Wave: A Single-Center Observational Study.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during pregnancy is associated with increased disease severity and an increased risk of perinatal complications. However, few studies of pregnant women with COVID-19 have been conducted in Korea. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical course and pregnancy outcomes of pregnant women admitted to our hospital with COVID-19 according to the severity.

Effects of Non-Pharmacological Interventions on Respiratory Viruses Other Than SARS-CoV-2: Analysis of Laboratory Surveillance and Literature Review From 2018 to 2021.

Background: Since the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) such as extensive and comprehensive hand hygiene, mask-wearing, and social distancing have been implemented globally. This study aimed to investigate changes in respiratory viruses other than severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that occurred following the implementation of these NPIs.

Methods: From January 2018 to December 2021, influenza-like illness patient specimens and specimens from the Korea Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Surveillance System were analyzed at the Incheon Metropolitan City Institute of Public Health and Environment.

Risk Factors for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Critically Ill Patients: A Nationwide, Multicenter, Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is often accompanied by secondary infections, such as invasive aspergillosis. In this study, risk factors for developing COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) and their clinical outcomes were evaluated.

Methods: This multicenter retrospective cohort study included critically ill COVID-19 patients from July 2020 through March 2021.

Challenges to Early Discharge of Patients with Upper Urinary Tract Infections by ESBL Producers: TMP/SMX as a Step-Down Therapy for Shorter Hospitalization and Lower Costs.

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing pathogens have increased and are treated with carbapenem in general. Carbapenem use is associated with prolonged hospitalization or daily outpatient visit. The aim of this study was to investigate patients with UTIs by ESBL-producing pathogens for early discharge using an old oral antibiotic, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), which is susceptible to ESBL-producing pathogens.

Clinical and Virologic Effectiveness of Remdesivir Treatment for Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Korea: a Nationwide Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Remdesivir is widely used for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but controversies regarding its efficacy still remain.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate the effect of remdesivir on clinical and virologic outcomes of severe COVID-19 patients from June to July 2020. Primary clinical endpoints included clinical recovery, additional mechanical ventilator (MV) support, and duration of oxygen or MV support.

Predictors of Mortality in Patients with Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli or Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci Bacteremia.

Purpose: The incidences of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli (CRGNB) and vancomycin-resistant (VRE) have increased rapidly in South Korea since 2000. The mortality rate for CRGNB or VRE bacteremia cases is higher than that for non-resistant bacteremia cases. The factors associated with higher mortality are unclear.

Protection and Response of a Tertiary Hospital in South Korea to the COVID-19 Outbreak.

Objective: Here, we present an overview of how a tertiary hospital responded to maintain necessary activities and protect patients and staff from the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak.

Methods: Gil Medical Center, a tertiary hospital in Incheon, has operated a special response team since January 21, 2020. All visitors were assessed for body temperature and respiratory symptoms, and screened for recent overseas travel.

Complex Infection-Related Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Mimicking Lymphoma in an Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patient.

In acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) due to complex (MAC) infection is one of the most difficult IRIS types to manage. We report an unusual case of MAC-associated IRIS. At first the patient was diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection after he was admitted with pneumocystis pneumonia.