Screening of Oxidative Stress-related Biomarkers and Antioxidant Drugs for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Based on Bioinformatics and Molecular Docking.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine and metabolic disorder affecting women of reproductive age. Oxidative stress (OS) is suggested to play a significant role in the development of PCOS. Using antioxidants to reduce OS and maintain a healthy balance in the body could be a novel treatment approach for PCOS.

Density Functional Theory Study on Reconstruction and Reversible Transformation Processes of the ZZ57 Edge Structure in Carbon Materials: Effect of Na, K, and Ca.

The edge structures of carbonaceous materials exhibit temperature-dependent behavior on the atomic scale, with variations in the relative ratios of zigzag, reconstructed 5-7 zigzag (ZZ57), and armchair edges observed at different temperatures. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying the interconversion of these edge structures and the influence of the surrounding metals remain unclear. This study investigates the reconstruction and reversible transformation processes of ZZ57 edge structures in carbon materials and examines the effects of different metal atoms (Na, K, and Ca) by using density functional theory.

Boosting the Reaction Rate of Blocky Aluminum-Water via Ultrasound-Based Surface Engineering in Room-Temperature Liquid Metal Solvent.

Hydrogen gas holds immense promise as a clean fuel source, yet its widespread adoption faces significant challenges in storage and transportation due to its gaseous and highly flammable nature. An increasingly attractive approach to overcoming these limitations involves reacting aluminum (Al) blocks with water to produce hydrogen, providing an alternative distribution mechanism in which Al blocks can be used as "hydrogen storage" for on-demand production at any location. However, current methods suffer poor hydrogen production rates and yields, primarily influenced by the limited contact area between Al and the catalyst, such as Ga-based room-temperature liquid metal.

Effects of glutathione on the physicochemical properties of high hydrostatically pressure gelatinized maize starch.

This research prepared gelatinized waxy maize starch (WMS), low-amylose maize starch (LAS), and high-amylose maize starch (HAS) with different glutathione (GSH) content (5, 10, and 15 %) using high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) at 600 MPa. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed damaged morphology of WMS and complete swelled granules of LAS and HAS with different degree of gelatinization (DG) values, 92.86, 59.

Effect of hyperhomocysteinemia on the prognostic value of triglyceride glucose index in patients with acute coronary syndrome.

Background: The prognostic value of triglyceride-glucose (TyG) has been well described in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) promotes insulin resistance and has also been regarded as a potential risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, the prognostic value of TyG in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and the interaction between TyG and HHcy remain unclear.

Clinical features and treatment of hypophosphatemia and associated complications induced by Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors: A case series of six patients.

Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor (PMT) is a rare benign mesenchymal tumor characterized by excessive secretion of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), leading to phosphate loss and systemic osteomalacia. Despite recent progress in PMT research, no consensus on diagnosis and treatment guidelines has been established. This case series describes the clinical and pathological features of six pathologically confirmed PMT patients treated at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from 2010 to 2024, aiming to provide new insights for the management of this condition.

PBAE-PEG based lipid nanoparticles for lung cell-specific gene delivery.

Exemplified by successful use in COVID-19 vaccination, delivery of modified mRNA encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles provides a framework for treating various genetic and acquired disorders. However, lipid nanoparticles that can deliver mRNA into specific lung cell types have not yet been established. Here, we sought whether poly(®-amino ester)s (PBAE) or PEGylated PBAE (PBAE-PEG) in combination with 4A3-SC8/DOPE/cholesterol/DOTAP lipid nanoparticles (LNP) could deliver mRNA into different types of lung cells in vivo.

TLR7: A Key Prognostic Biomarker and Immunotherapeutic Target in Lung Adenocarcinoma.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in the progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, understanding its dynamic immune and stromal modulation remains a complex challenge. We utilized the ESTIMATE algorithm to evaluate the immune and stromal components of the LUAD TME from the TCGA database.

Multi-Agent Hierarchical Graph Attention Actor-Critic Reinforcement Learning.

Multi-agent systems often face challenges such as elevated communication demands, intricate interactions, and difficulties in transferability. To address the issues of complex information interaction and model scalability, we propose an innovative hierarchical graph attention actor-critic reinforcement learning method. This method naturally models the interactions within a multi-agent system as a graph, employing hierarchical graph attention to capture the complex cooperative and competitive relationships among agents, thereby enhancing their adaptability to dynamic environments.

Preliminary study on the correlation between thyroid magnetic resonance parameters and radiation dose after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Background: Hypothyroidism is a common sequela after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has gained prominence in thyroid imaging, leveraging its non-ionizing radiation, high spatial resolution, multiparameter and multidirectional imaging. Few previous studies have investigated the evaluation of radiation-induced thyroid injury by MRI.

Associations of Retinal Microvascular Density and Fractal Dimension with Glaucoma: A Prospective Study from UK Biobank.

Objective: To explore the association between retinal microvascular parameters and glaucoma.

Design: Prospective study.

Subjects: The UK Biobank subjects with fundus images and without a history of glaucoma.

[Correctly performing manual subgingival scaling and root planing exercises: part Ⅱ of a series on basic training in periodontal diagnosis and treatment].

Periodontitis constitutes the primary cause of tooth loss among adults in China. The disease is characterized by the high morbidity, which significantly impairs both oral and systemic health. As the key insights of initial periodontal therapy, subgingival scaling and root planing (SRP) have been considered as simple, effective, and cost-efficient treatment approaches for managing periodontal inflammation.

Immunoglobulin E, the potential accelerator of comorbid psoriasis and atherosclerosis.

Immunoglobulin (Ig) E is a key mediator in the induction and maintenance of allergic inflammation, characterized by a Th2-dominated immune response. Recently epidemiological studies have showed that elevated serum total IgE levels or an increased abundance of mast cells (MCs) at the lesion site are observed in psoriatic patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), such as atherosclerosis. Although the underlying mechanisms by which IgE synergizing with MCs in promoting these chronic immune-inflammatory diseases remain unclear, the interleukin (IL)-23/IL-17 axis appears to play a crucial role in comorbidity of psoriasis and atherosclerosis.

Could physical activity promote indicators of physical and psychological health among children and adolescents? An umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials.

Background: We performed an umbrella review to synthesize evidence on the effects of physical activity (PA) interventions on indicators of physical and psychological health among children and adolescents, including body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), depressive symptoms, and cognitive function.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched from inception through 31 July 2023. We included meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials exploring the effects of PA interventions on BMI, BP, depressive symptoms, or cognitive function in healthy or general children and adolescents.

Correlations among lymphocyte count, white matter hyperintensity and brain atrophy in patients with ischemic stroke.

Background: White matter hyperintensity (WMH) and brain atrophy, as imaging marker of cerebral small-vessel diseases (CSVD), have a high prevalence and strong prognostic value in stroke. We aimed to explore the association between lymphocyte count, a maker of inflammation, and WMH and brain atrophy in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).

Methods: A total of 727 AIS patients with lymphocyte count and brain magnetic resonance imaging data were enrolled.

When multiple instance learning meets foundation models: Advancing histological whole slide image analysis.

Deep multiple instance learning (MIL) pipelines are the mainstream weakly supervised learning methodologies for whole slide image (WSI) classification. However, it remains unclear how these widely used approaches compare to each other, given the recent proliferation of foundation models (FMs) for patch-level embedding and the diversity of slide-level aggregations. This paper implemented and systematically compared six FMs and six recent MIL methods by organizing different feature extractions and aggregations across seven clinically relevant end-to-end prediction tasks using WSIs from 4044 patients with four different cancer types.

Humanized dual-targeting antibody-drug conjugates specific to MET and RON receptors as a pharmaceutical strategy for the treatment of cancers exhibiting phenotypic heterogeneity.

Cancer heterogeneity, characterized by diverse populations of tumorigenic cells, involves the occurrence of differential phenotypes with variable expressions of receptor tyrosine kinases. Aberrant expressions of mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) and recepteur d'origine nantais (RON) receptors contribute to the phenotypic heterogeneity of cancer cells, which poses a major therapeutic challenge. This study aims to develop a dual-targeting antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) that can act against both MET and RON for treating cancers with high phenotypic heterogeneity.

Pharmacokinetic characterization and exposure-response relationship of crovalimab in the COMMODORE 1, 2 and 3 and COMPOSER trials of patients with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria.

Aims: Crovalimab is a novel C5 inhibitor administered first intravenously and then subcutaneously in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) naive to complement inhibition or switching from eculizumab or ravulizumab. Crovalimab showed efficacy and safety comparable to eculizumab in the pivotal COMMODORE 2 and supporting studies.

Methods: We characterized crovalimab pharmacokinetics and the relationship between exposure pharmacokinetic parameters and pharmacodynamic biomarkers, efficacy and safety endpoints using pooled data (healthy volunteers [n = 9], naive [n = 210] and switched [n = 211] patients).

Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis Due to IgA Nephropathy in a Patient With a Large Renal Mass.

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a common primary glomerulonephritis characterized by the deposition of IgA immune complexes within the glomerular mesangium. IgAN can present with a wide range of clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic hematuria to severe renal disease. This case describes a 67-year-old woman with a history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity who presented with acute kidney injury and clinical manifestations of nephrotic syndrome.

Targeting estrogen-regulated system x promotes ferroptosis and endocrine sensitivity of ER+ breast cancer.

Estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer accounts for approximately 70% of cases. Endocrine therapies targeting estrogen are the first line therapies for ER+ breast cancer. However, resistance to these therapies occurs in about half of patients, leading to decreased survival rates.

Retrospective analysis of disease characteristics and treatment patterns among patients with esophageal cancer across 14 surgically represented centers.

Objective: Esophageal cancer (EC) ranks eighth among cancers in cancer-related deaths globally, and ~44% of new cases occur in China. We sought to describe the clinical characteristics and treatment landscape of EC in China before the approval of immunotherapy in 2020.

Methods: CHANNEL was a large, retrospective study using patient-level data from 14 hospitals/cancer centers across China, including adults initiating therapy for newly diagnosed EC (January to December 2018).

Correlation between anxiety, depression, and social stress in young patients with thoracolumbar spine fractures.

Background: Traumatic injuries, such as falling, car accidents, and crushing mostly cause spinal fractures in young and middle-aged people, and > 50% of them are thoracolumbar fractures. This kind of fracture is easily combined with serious injuries to peripheral nerves and soft tissues, which causes paralysis of the lower limbs if there is no timely rehabilitation treatment. Young patients with thoracolumbar fractures find it difficult to recover after the operation, and they are prone to depression, low self-esteem, and other negative emotions.

Plasma N-terminal tau fragment is an amyloid-dependent biomarker in Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Novel fluid biomarkers for tracking neurodegeneration specific to Alzheimer's disease (AD) are greatly needed.

Methods: Using two independent well-characterized cohorts (n = 881 in total), we investigated the group differences in plasma N-terminal tau (NT1-tau) fragments across different AD stages and their association with cross-sectional and longitudinal amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques, tau tangles, brain atrophy, and cognitive decline.

Results: Plasma NT1-tau significantly increased in symptomatic AD and displayed positive associations with Aβ PET (positron emission tomography) and tau PET.