Women Physicians: Burnout during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil.

Background: COVID-19 has placed a tremendous burden on physicians worldwide, especially women physicians, affected by increased workload and loss of quality of life.

Objective: To assess the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of life, burnout and spirituality of Brazilian women physicians directly or indirectly providing care to COVID-19 patients.

Methods: Prospective, observational study performed from July 28 to September 27, 2020, in Brazil, with women physicians from 47 specialities, the most frequent being cardiology (22.

SARS-CoV-2 prevalence at eight urban health clinics in Nicaragua: possible implications for the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in selected health clinics in the three largest urban areas in Nicaragua, where data regarding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) testing, morbidity and mortality is severely limited.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, participants were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and were tested for antibodies using immunoassays. A questionnaire recorded subjects' COVID-19-associated symptoms and risk factors.

Prevalence and risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection in children with and without symptoms seeking care in Managua, Nicaragua: results of a cross-sectional survey.

Objective: This study aimed to capture key epidemiological data on SARS-CoV-2 infection in Nicaraguan children (≤18 years) seeking medical care, between 6 October and 16 November 2020.

Design: In this cross-sectional study, 418 children were recruited: 319 with symptoms characteristic of COVID-19 and 99 with no symptoms of illness. Children were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA using loop-mediated isothermal amplification.

Discovery of sulfonyl hydrazone derivative as a new selective PDE4A and PDE4D inhibitor by lead-optimization approach on the prototype LASSBio-448: In vitro and in vivo preclinical studies.

Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors have emerged as a new strategy to treat asthma and other lung inflammatory diseases. Searching for new PDE4 inhibitors, we previously reported the discover of LASSBio-448, a sulfonamide with potential to prevent and reverse pivotal pathological features of asthma. In this paper, two novel series of sulfonamide (6a-6m) and sulfonyl hydrazone (7a-7j) analogues of LASSBio-448 have been synthetized and evaluated for selective inhibitory activity toward cAMP-specific PDE4 isoforms.

Improvement in hospital indicators after changes in dengue case management in Nicaragua.

Dengue is a major problem worldwide, and improving case management is a significant priority. In consultation with colleagues in Thailand, changes in management of hospitalized dengue cases were introduced in Nicaragua, including oral rather than intravenous (IV) fluids upon admission, continuous monitoring of clinical and laboratory signs, and use of IV fluids principally during the critical phase and colloids in management of shock. Two periods were compared, before (2003) and after (2005) their implementation, to assess impact.

Ultrasound measurement of gallbladder wall thickening as a diagnostic test and prognostic indicator for severe dengue in pediatric patients.

Gallbladder wall thickening measured by ultrasound was significantly associated with severe dengue, as well as with hallmark features of thrombocytopenia and elevated hematocrit/hemoconcentration, in children with suspected dengue in Nicaragua. We demonstrate that gallbladder wall thickening serves as a clinically relevant diagnostic test and prognostic indicator of severe dengue in pediatric populations.

Serotype-specific differences in clinical manifestations of dengue.

Dengue, the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral disease of humans, is caused by four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV 1-4). Although all four DENV serotypes cause a range of illness, defining precisely which clinical characteristics are associated with the distinct serotypes has been elusive. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 984 and 313 hospitalized children with confirmed DENV infections during two time periods, respectively, in the same hospitals in Nicaragua: a 3-year period (1999-2001) when DENV-2 accounted for 96% of the viruses identified, and the 2003 dengue season when DENV-1 predominated (87% of identified serotypes).