Policy Feedback and the Politics of Childhood Vaccine Mandates: Conflict and Change in California, 2012-2019.

Context: In 2012, California instituted a new requirement for parents to consult with a clinician before receiving a personal belief exemption (PBE) to its school entry vaccine mandate. In 2015, the state removed this exemption altogether. In 2019, legislators cracked down on medical exemptions to address their misuse by vaccine refusers and supportive clinicians.

Childhood vaccine refusal and what to do about it: a systematic review of the ethical literature.

Background: Parental refusal of routine childhood vaccination remains an ethically contested area. This systematic review sought to explore and characterise the normative arguments made about parental refusal of routine vaccination, with the aim of providing researchers, practitioners, and policymakers with a synthesis of current normative literature.

Methods: Nine databases covering health and ethics research were searched, and 121 publications identified for the period Jan 1998 to Mar 2022.

Australia's 'No Jab No Play' policies: history, design and rationales.

Objective: Since 2014, five Australian states have enacted 'No Jab, No Play' policies requiring children to be fully vaccinated to attend childcare and early education services. We review the five policies and their implications for implementers - including healthcare and childcare service providers - and analyse factors that shaped the design of state policies.

Methods: We employed documentary analysis and analysed key informant interviews in NVivo 12.

Mandatory vaccination and no fault vaccine injury compensation schemes: An identification of country-level policies.

Background: To prevent the spread of infectious diseases, governments have implemented a number of policies, including a range of mandatory vaccination policies. In addition, some governments have implemented no fault vaccine injury compensation schemes as a legal mechanism of recourse for individuals experiencing adverse events following vaccination. We aimed to identify countries with mandatory vaccination policies that also have no fault compensation schemes.