[Fatal radiation-induced injury resulting from the deliberate use of ionizing radiation source for illegal purposes].

A rare clinical observation of death from prolonged uneven external irradiation due to the deliberate use of an ionizing radiation source for illegal purposes has been presented. The main difficulties of postmortem diagnosis of this type of radiation-induced injury, considering the features of histological examinations and special methods of retrospective dosimetric evaluations, have been identified.

[Clinical cases of complicated diverticulitis against the background of severe course COVID-19. Case report].

Two clinical cases of perforation of a previously undiagnosed colon diverticulum in patients with coronavirus infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus treated at the Hospital №1 of Nalchik. Both patients were elderly, overweight, had a lot of chronic concomitant diseases. Patients received hormone therapy and were targeted: the first patient twice (tocilizumab on the first day of hospitalization and olokizumab on the 7th day of inpatient treatment).

Clinical efficacy of umifenovir in influenza and ARVI (study ARBITR).

Aim: The aim of the study is to obtain additional data on safety and therapeutic efficacy of the antiviral drug Arbidol (umifenovir) in patients with a diagnosis of influenza and common cold.

Materials And Methods: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study investigating efficacy and safety of Arbidol (umifenovir) in Treatment and Prophylaxis of Influenza and Common Cold (ARBITR) IV phase started in November 2011 and completed in April 2016 on the basis of 15 research centers in various regions of the Russian Federation. A total of 359 patients, aged 18 to 65 years with influenza or acute respiratory tract infection, of no more than 36 hours' duration were enrolled in the study.

N-Heterocyclic choline analogues based on 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro(iso)quinoline scaffold with anticancer and anti-infective dual action.

Background: Pharmacological effects of biologically active "small molecules" can be improved by their targeted modification, which affects drug delivery and interaction with tumor cells and microorganisms. We aimed to evaluate anticancer and antimicrobial activity of lipid-like choline derivatives modified via simultaneous introduction of tetrahydro(iso)quinoline based pharmacophore system at nitrogen atom and long chain alkyl substituent at oxygen atom.

Methods: Target compounds were synthesized under phase-transfer catalysis conditions followed by quaternization, and evaluated for cytotoxicity and NO-generation ability on HT-1080 and MG-22A tumor cell lines and NIH 3T3 normal mouse fibroblasts, and screened for antimicrobial activity against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis) and fungi (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger).

[Pharmacoepidemiological study of the course of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections in risk groups].

Aim: To identify risk factors (RFs) for the development of bacterial complications and the prolonged course of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections (ARVIs) among inpatients treated in Russian healthcare facilities in the post-pandemic period; to determine the clinical presentation of the disease (flu-like syndrome) in risk-group people and to evaluate the efficacy of antiviral therapy with arbidol (umifenovir).

Material And Methods: The investigators retrospectively analyzed randomly selected medical records of inpatients with influenza and other ARVI in 88 hospitals from 50 regions of the Russian Federation: those of 3532 and 1755 patients in the 2010-2011 and 2014-2015 seasons, respectively, by applying parametric and nonparametric statistical methods.

Results: The built database of patients with influenza-like syndrome contained data from the histories of 2072 men and 2537 women, of whom there were 317 (12.

Occult form of premature ovarian insufficiency.

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a life-changing diagnosis, with profound physical and psychological consequences. Despite the description of different genetic, immune and iatrogenic factors of POI, the etiology of most cases of this disease are unexplained, and optimal management strategies are still unclear. Recent data showed that POI may have a long period of oligomenorrhea before the fully developed form (complete ovarian failure stage), with the occurrence of amenorrhea and climacteric symptoms.

[Gastric cancer concurrent with IgG4-related disease: A clinical case and a review of literature].

The paper presents the data available in the literature on IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) concurrent with malignancies at different sites, as well as possible common pathogenetic mechanisms of their development and morphological diagnostic criteria for IgG4-RD. The authors give their own observation of gastric signet ring cell carcinoma concurrent with morphologically verified IgG4-RD.

[Chronic hepatitis C in Russia: current challenges and prospects].

This paper evaluates the impact of different medical care strategies for chronic hepatitis C patients in relation to its prevalence, frequency of adverse outcomes and mortality rate.

[Hemophagocytic syndrome in a patient with adult-onset Still's disease: diagnostic problems].

Hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) is a rare life-threatening condition caused by massive cytokine release from activated macrophages and lymphocytes. The paper depicts the development of HPS in different infections, malignancies, and autoimmune diseases. It describes a clinical case of hemophagocytic syndrome in a 63-year-old female patient with adult-onset Still's disease and high fever accompanied by neutrophil leukocytosis and a drastic left leukocyte count shift, high procalcitonin levels, hepatosplenomegaly, edematous syndrome, and progressive multiple organ dysfunction with the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation and adult respiratory distress syndrome.

1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) increases Carmofur stability and antiproliferative effect.

Addition of DMPC considerably inhibits the degradation of Carmofur in neutral phosphate buffer solutions and this drug becomes less influenced by pH. Carmofur stabilization at neutral pH caused by DMPC addition for studies was characterized and monitored by H NMR. Antiproliferative activity studies on various tumor cell lines showed considerable increase of Carmofur ability to prevent tumor cell growth, when it is added as a mixture with DMPC.

Strategies to manage hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection disease burden - volume 2.

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemic was forecasted through 2030 for 15 countries, and the relative impact of two scenarios was considered: (i) increased treatment efficacy while holding the treated population constant and (ii) increased treatment efficacy and increased annual treated population. Increasing levels of diagnosis and treatment, in combination with improved treatment efficacy, were critical for achieving substantial reductions in disease burden. In most countries, the annual treated population had to increase several fold to achieve the largest reductions in HCV-related morbidity and mortality.

The present and future disease burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections with today's treatment paradigm - volume 2.

Morbidity and mortality attributable to chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are increasing in many countries as the infected population ages. Models were developed for 15 countries to quantify and characterize the viremic population, as well as estimate the number of new infections and HCV related deaths from 2013 to 2030. Expert consensus was used to determine current treatment levels and outcomes in each country.

Historical epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in select countries - volume 2.

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of liver related morbidity and mortality. In many countries, there is a lack of comprehensive epidemiological data that are crucial in implementing disease control measures as new treatment options become available. Published literature, unpublished data and expert consensus were used to determine key parameters, including prevalence, viremia, genotype and the number of patients diagnosed and treated.

Thieno[2,3-b]pyridines--a new class of multidrug resistance (MDR) modulators.

To identify new potent multidrug resistance modulators, we have synthesized a series of novel thieno[2,3-b]pyridines and furo[2,3-b]pyridines, and examined their structure-activity relationships. All synthesized compounds were tested to determine BCRP1, P-gp, and MRP1 inhibitor activity, and most potent MDR modulators were also screened for their toxicity, cytotoxicity and Ca(2+) channel antagonist activity. Among these compounds, thieno[2,3-b]pyridine (6r) was found to exhibit a potent P-gp inhibitory action with EC50 = 0.

Selenium analogues of raloxifene as promising antiproliferative agents in treatment of breast cancer.

Synthetic protocols for the preparation of selenium analogues of raloxifene were elaborated. General aim of the current research is to improve the positive impact of selenium atom introduction in drug design. Antiproliferative activity on CCL-8 (mouse sarcoma), MDA-MB-435s (human melanoma), MES-SA (human uterus sarcoma), MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma), HT-1080 (human fibrosarcoma), MG-22A (mouse hepatoma) tumor cell lines, and normal cell line NIH 3T3 (mouse fibroblasts) was studied.

Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of 1-{3-[1-(5-organylsilylfuran-2-yl)silinan-1-yl]propyl}amines and some trimethylgermyl analogues.

New highly cytotoxic 1-{3-[1-(5-organylsilyl-furan-2-yl)silinan-1-yl]propyl}amines and some trimethylgermyl analogues (IC50 1-7 μg mL(-1)) have been synthesized by a hydrosilylation reaction of aliphatic and heterocyclic N-allylamines in the presence of Speier's catalyst. The effects of the silacycle, the element-organic substituent in position 5 of the furan ring, and the structure of the amine on the cytotoxicity of the new compounds have been studied.

5-membered cyclic hydroxamic acids as HDAC inhibitors.

The new histone deacylases inhibitors (HDACi) were synthesized in the class of 5-membered cyclic hydroxamic acids (5-CHA), showing medium size CHA as a new Zn-binding group. New reaction sequence was proposed for the synthesis of 5-membered alkylidene-cyclic-hydroxamic acids starting from butyrolactone. Compound 10c showed low µM activity on HeLa cell extracts.

[Some aspects of the treatment of adult patients with Epstein-Barr virus infection].

The review analyzes the basic aspects of treatment policy in patients with different forms of Epstein-Barr virus infection. Practical recommendations are given on the basis of the extensive literature data published in the past 20 years.

[Oral infections].

In the survey the basic aspects of the infectious pathology are analyzed, that are to be met in the work of stomatologist. There is in detail described the intra-hospital infection, caused by conditionally pathogenic flora. There is given the clinical characteristics of the oral manifestations of the basic of <> infectious diseases.

[Dengue fever in Russian tourists who have come from Thailand].

The review analyzes the major epidemiological and clinical aspects of Dengue fever, by providing the clinical examples of using its imported cases. It gives algorithms for examining patients who have come from tropical countries with the fever of unknown origin. Based on the extensive data available in the literature and international guidelines, the authors present treatment algorithms for out- and inpatients with Dengue fever.

Synthesis, physicochemical characterization, cytotoxicity, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and psychotropic activity of new N-[1,3-(benzo)thiazol-2-yl]-ω-[3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]alkanamides.

A series of new N-[(benzo)thiazol-2-yl]-2/3-[3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]ethan/propanamide derivatives was synthesized and characterized by (1)H, (13)C NMR and IR spectroscopy and mass-spectrometry. A single crystal X-ray study of N-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-2-[3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]ethanamide is reported to determine its conformational feature. The investigated compounds were found to be active in psychotropic in vivo, anti-inflammatory in vivo and cytotoxicity in vitro screening.

[Immunological aspects of HCV/HIV coinfection].

Aim: To evaluate effects of HCV/HIV coinfection on blood lymphocyte phenotype including cells CD56+.

Material And Methods: We studied standard immunogram, subpopulational composition and functional activity of blood cells CD56+ in 67 patients with verified diagnosis of HIV infection and virus hepatitis C.

Results: We discovered some pathogenetically sound indices of immune status in patients with HCV/HIV coinfection.

Synthesis, structure and cytotoxicity of 3-C, N, S, Se substituted benzo[b]selenophene derivatives.

Synthesis, molecular structure and cytotoxic activity of a series of 3-C, N, S, Se substituted benzo[b]selenophene derivatives on human fibrosarcoma HT-1080, mouse hepatoma MG-22A, and mouse fibroblasts 3T3 cell lines are described. The correlation between compound LD(50) 3T3 fibroblast cell line and HT-1080 morphology was shown.

[Intraoperative telediagnosis of breast biopsies].

Intraoperative real-time telediagnosis from cryostat sections of the breast can increase the quality of postmortem diagnosis. Moreover, the average accuracy of histological diagnosis was as high as 93.5% or increased by 4.

[Chronic Yersinia infections as a therapeutic problem].

Physicians of any specialty encounter the chronic course of yersiniasis, the clinical manifestations of which are polymorphic and similar to the symptoms of other diseases, including autoimmune ones. The long interval of an evolving pathological condition after the acute period of the disease leads to the fact that the clinical and laboratory manifestations of chronic yersiniasis are wrongly regarded as an independent nosological entities unassociated with the persistence of Yersinia. Dynamic blood tests for specific IgA to the Yersinia enterocolitica virulence factors that are an indirect sign of on-going pathogen persistence in the body are required to elaborate the tactics for the examination, treatment, and follow-up of patients.