[The effect of hydrocortisone on carbohydrase activity along the intestinal villus in chicks].

Administration of hydrocortisone increased the sucrase and amylolytic activities in the brush border of the enterocytes along the intestinal villus and decreased the maltase activity in fed chicken. Hydrocortisone does not affect the level of maltase activity in food-deprived chicks.

[The effect of hydrocortisone on pancreatic hydrolase activity in hungry and fed chicks].

Hydrocortisone was shown to prompt the accumulation of pancreatic enzymes taking part in the processing of food protein components in food-deprived chicks. The quality of the enzymes synthetized under hormonal induction does not differ from that in control groups.

[The regulation of saccharase and phosphofructokinase activity in the small intestine of chicks of different ages].

Studies have been made on the onset and regulation of the activity of sucrase and phosphofructokinase from different parts of the small intestine of chicks after hatching up to the 30th day of postnatal life. It was shown that within this period the activity of both enzymes undergoes synchronous changes. Carbohydrate loading increases the activity of sucrase only in 30-day chicks, its effect being similar to that of a stimulator from the duodenum.

[The adaptation of the digestive system to carbohydrates in experimental A hypervitaminosis].

High doses of vitamin A exerted no significant effect of the ability of the rat digestive system to adapt to food. The A hypervitaminosis increased the activity of sucrase and eliminated the ability to regulate the activity of this enzyme by the duodenum in the chicken small intestine.

[Role of the duodenum in rapid adaptive reorganizations of saccharose hydrolysis and transport].

After isolation of the chick duodenum from the lower parts of the intestine, no adaptation of the sucrose activity or hexose transport occurred. The data suggest that the adaptive factor is formed in the duodenum under the influence of sugars.

[Adaptation of intestinal disaccharidases to saccharose in the ontogeny of chicks].

In experiments of 1, 15 and 30-day chicks, studies have been made of adaptational changes in the activity of maltase and saccharase from different parts of the small intestine during feeding by sucrose. It was found that the increase in the activity of the mentioned enzymes during sucrose utilization takes place only in 30-day chicks. At earlier stages of ontogenesis, adaptational changes in the activity of disaccharidases are directed to the enhancement of the decrease in the activity of maltase and saccharase in the small intestine, this decrease being observed at these stages in control chicks.

The role of the duodenum in adaptive changes in sucrose digestion in the small intestine of chicks.

In two experimental series in situ applying perfusion technique, and in vitro, the role of the duodenum in adaptation of sucrose digestion was investigated in the proximal, medial and distal parts of the chick small intestine. No adaptive changes occurred in hydrolysis and carbohydrate transport if the pancreo-duodenal complex was isolated from the lower parts. It is suggested that on feeding with sucrose, factors arise in the duodenal mucosa causing adaptive changes in sucrase activity of the small intestine.

Adaptation of the activity of membrane carbohydrases of chick small intestine to various carbohydrates.

Adaptation changes in membrane carbohydrases and those localized in the apical glycocalyx of enterocytes have been studied in chicks under the impact of carbohydrates. The investigated enzymes were not equally adapted to the carbohydrates of various degrees of polymerization. The response character of membrane carbohydrases depends on proximo-distal localization of enzymes in the small intestine and it is not specific to carbohydrates.