Self-reported mental health status of donor sperm-conceived adults.

While donor-conceived children have similar mental health outcomes compared to spontaneously conceived children, there is an inconsistency between studies investigating mental health outcomes of donor-conceived people in adulthood. This study is an online health survey that was completed by 272 donor sperm-conceived adults and 877 spontaneously conceived adults from around the world. Donor sperm-conceived adults had increased diagnoses of attention deficit disorder (P = 0.

IVF, acupuncture and mental health: a qualitative study of perceptions and experiences of women participating in a randomized controlled trial of acupuncture during IVF treatment.

Infertility treatments such as in-vitro fertilization (IVF) are stressful and challenging to mental health and well-being. The use of alternative therapies adjunct to IVF treatment, such as acupuncture, is common and women hope to improve their chance of pregnancy and live birth. While many women engage in acupuncture adjunct to IVF in Australia, few qualitative studies of women's motivations and experiences have been conducted in this field.

Self-reported physical health status of donor sperm-conceived adults.

Donor-conceived neonates have poorer birth outcomes, including low birth weight and preterm delivery that are associated with poorer long-term health in adulthood through the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) theory. The aim of this study was to conduct the first investigation of the adult health outcomes of donor-conceived people. An online health survey was completed by 272 donor sperm-conceived adults and 877 spontaneously conceived adults from around the world.

Untangling the Threads: Stakeholder Perspectives of the Legal and Ethical Issues Involved in Preparing Australian Consumers for Commercial Surrogacy Overseas.

This article focuses on the complexities of regulating Australians' access to commercial surrogacy overseas. Altruistic surrogacy is allowed in Australia but access to women willing to act as surrogates is limited and many Australians now seek surrogacy arrangements via commercial agencies overseas. This qualitative study interviewed key stakeholders in Australia, including clinicians providing reproductive medicine, lawyers providing legal services, consumer advocates, counsellors and health policy regulators.

Corrigendum to: Australians' understanding of the decline in fertility with increasing age and attitudes towards ovarian reserve screening.

The aim of this study is to determine Australians' understanding of the decline in fertility with age, social determinants that influence their decision to start a family and attitudes towards ovarian reserve screening as a tool allowing personalised reproductive life planning. An online survey of 383 childless Australian men and women, aged 18-45 years, was conducted. Both sexes overestimated natural and in vitro fertilization (IVF)-assisted fertility potential with increasing age, with the magnitude of overestimation being more pronounced for men and IVF treatment compared with natural conception.

The effects of acupuncture on the secondary outcomes of anxiety and quality of life for women undergoing IVF: A randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Studies have shown in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment to have a significant impact on women's quality of life. In addition, anxiety is experienced during IVF treatment and prior to knowing the outcome from a treatment cycle. Although support services are available at many IVF clinics, the uptake of these opportunities may not be high.

Does Selecting Covariates Using Factor Analysis in Mapping Algorithms Improve Predictive Accuracy? A Case of Predicting EQ-5D-5L and SF-6D Utilities from the Women's Health Questionnaire.

Background: In addition to theoretical justifications, many statistical methods have been used for selecting covariates to include in algorithms mapping nonutility measures onto utilities. However, it is not clear whether using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) as one such method improves the predictive ability of these algorithms.

Objective: This question is addressed within the context of mapping a non-utility-based outcome, the core 23-item Women's Health Questionnaire (WHQ-23), onto two utility instruments: five-level EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) and the six-dimensional health state short form (derived from short form 36 health survey) (SF-6D).

Australians' understanding of the decline in fertility with increasing age and attitudes towards ovarian reserve screening.

The aim of this study is to determine Australians' understanding of the decline in fertility with age, social determinants that influence their decision to start a family and attitudes towards ovarian reserve screening as a tool allowing personalised reproductive life planning. An online survey of 383 childless Australian men and women, aged 18-45 years, was conducted. Both sexes overestimated natural and in vitro fertilization (IVF)-assisted fertility potential with increasing age, with the magnitude of overestimation being more pronounced for men and IVF treatment compared with natural conception.

Effect of Acupuncture vs Sham Acupuncture on Live Births Among Women Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Acupuncture is widely used by women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF), although the evidence for efficacy is conflicting.

Objective: To determine the efficacy of acupuncture compared with a sham acupuncture control performed during IVF on live births.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A single-blind, parallel-group randomized clinical trial including 848 women undergoing a fresh IVF cycle was conducted at 16 IVF centers in Australia and New Zealand between June 29, 2011, and October 23, 2015, with 10 months of pregnancy follow-up until August 2016.

How do clinicians practise the principles of beneficence when deciding to allow or deny family presence during resuscitation?

Aims And Objectives: To examine how clinicians practise the principles of beneficence when deciding to allow or deny family presence during resuscitation.

Background: Family presence during resuscitation has important benefits for family and is supported by professional bodies and the public. Yet, many clinicians restrict family access to patients during resuscitation, and rationales for decision-making are unclear.

Conflict between nursing student's personal beliefs and professional nursing values.

Background: Studies have established that negative perceptions of people living with HIV/AIDS exist among nursing students throughout the world, perceptions which can be detrimental to the delivery of high-quality nursing care.

Objectives: The purpose of this research was to explore socio-cultural influences on the perceptions of nursing students towards caring for people living with HIV/AIDS.

Research Design: The study was guided by stigma theory, a qualitative descriptive research approach was adopted.

Key challenges in bringing CRISPR-mediated somatic cell therapy into the clinic.

Genome editing using clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated proteins offers the potential to facilitate safe and effective treatment of genetic diseases refractory to other types of intervention. Here, we identify some of the major challenges for clinicians, regulators, and human research ethics committees in the clinical translation of CRISPR-mediated somatic cell therapy.

Sperm donation perinatal outcomes in an Australian population cohort.

Aim: To compare perinatal outcomes for neonates conceived with donated sperm with those for neonates conceived spontaneously in an Australian population cohort.

Methods: Perinatal outcomes for all births in South Australia for the period January 1986-December 2002 were linked with assisted reproductive treatment records to determine those conceived from donated sperm. Birth outcome measures were analyzed using Student's t-test and logistic regression using generalized estimating equations to determine statistical significance.

Acupuncture in reproductive medicine: the motivations of infertile women to participate in a randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Randomised controlled trials are the gold standard in medical research and are challenging to conduct successfully since high numbers of participants are needed to produce robust results. Therefore, it is important to understand what motivates patients to participate in one, particularly in Reproductive Medicine where the conduct of RCTs is rare. Just as it is important to evaluate medical interventions, it is equally important that adjuvant therapies are properly assessed.

Culturally construed beliefs and perceptions of nursing students and the stigma impacting on people living with AIDS: A qualitative study.

Background: Since HIV and AIDS were discovered, studies have demonstrated that negative perceptions and reluctance to provide care to affected people persist among nursing students throughout the world. This leads to poor quality care.

Objectives: To report on a study that explored socio-cultural influences on the perceptions of international nursing students toward caring for people living with HIV/AIDS.

Death in the clinic: women's perceptions and experiences of discarding supernumerary IVF embryos.

Perspectives on the status of human embryos and whether they should be discarded differ globally. Some countries protect embryos in law while in other countries embryos 'die' or 'succumb' in assisted reproductive technology clinics on a daily basis. This study analyses interview data drawn from a larger qualitative study conducted in South Australia from 2004-2007.

Does the removal of anonymity reduce sperm donors in Australia?

The National Health and Medical Research Council's guidelines implemented in 2005 removed a sperm donor's ability to remain anonymous in every Australian State except Victoria, which had removed anonymity completely by 1998. To assess the impact of these changes on sperm donor numbers in Australia, Assisted Reproductive Technology clinics were surveyed to obtain sperm donation figures between 2000 and 2012, with additional data collected from State-based oversight groups. There was an increase in total sperm donor numbers over the study period, including the year anonymity was removed as well as the non-anonymous period.

Factors influencing decision-making around family presence during resuscitation: a grounded theory study.

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine factors impacting family presence during resuscitation practices in the acute care setting.

Background: Family presence during resuscitation was introduced in the 1980s, so family members/significant others could be with their loved ones during life-threatening events. Evidence demonstrates important benefits; yet despite growing support from the public and endorsement from professional groups, family presence is practiced inconsistently and rationales for poor uptake are unclear.

Coding, Constant Comparisons, and Core Categories: A Worked Example for Novice Constructivist Grounded Theorists.

Grounded theory method has been described extensively in the literature. Yet, the varying processes portrayed can be confusing for novice grounded theorists. This article provides a worked example of the data analysis phase of a constructivist grounded theory study that examined family presence during resuscitation in acute health care settings.

Child interests in assisted reproductive technology: how is the welfare principle applied in practice?

Study Question: How is the welfare principle interpreted and practised and what meaning does it hold for health professionals who must apply it in assisted reproductive technology (ART)?

Summary Answer: The welfare of a child is a meaningful concept to ART counsellors but it is also impractical when applied preconception.

What Is Known Already: Policy which promotes the interests of a child to be born is inconsistent between and within countries, and has been widely criticized as meaningless, as an unfair imposition and for its lack of clarity and inconsistent translation to ART practice.

Study Design, Size, Duration: We conducted a qualitative study of ART counsellors in Australia and New Zealand in 2012.

Evidence-based research and practice: attitudes of reproduction nurses, counsellors and doctors.

The importance of providing evidence-based health care in reproduction medicine has resulted in a wealth of research which has largely focused on patient outcomes. Comparatively little is known about the knowledge and attitudes of health professionals who are often required to contribute to research. This study sought to examine the knowledge and attitudes to research of reproductive medicine health professionals and to explore the motivators and barriers to participating in research.

Australian women's fertility experiences prior to a termination of pregnancy.

Objective: This research aimed to investigate the fertility management of women aged over 30 years prior to a termination of pregnancy (TOP) to inform primary health care service delivery providers and policy makers.

Design: An ethically approved, two-phase sequential explanatory mixed methods design was used. This paper reports on part of that study.

The timing of the literature review in grounded theory research: an open mind versus an empty head.

The timing of the literature review in grounded theory has been debated for decades, with previous recommendations to delay the review now under question. Mounting evidence suggests that a preliminary review can enhance theoretical sensitivity and rigor and may lead to innovative insights. However, researchers must acknowledge the influence of prior knowledge during data analysis and theory development to avoid bias.