A systematic search and review of the discrimination in health care measure, and its adaptations.

Background: Discrimination occurs in health care settings contributing to health inequities. Yet guidance on how best to measure discrimination in health care is still limited.

Objectives: We sought to (1) identify and describe the characteristics of published studies that used the Discrimination in Health Care Measure, a scale first published in 2001; (2) review how the measure has been used or adapted and summarize the measure's published psychometric properties and its variations; and (3) summarize associations between the measure and health-related variables.

Health Beliefs About UV and Skin Cancer Risk Behaviors.

Our purpose was to examine the beliefs of college students about UV exposure and sunscreen use and their associations with skin cancer risk and protective behaviors in a cloudy climate. The sample was online survey participants (N = 334) recruited from a large university in Oregon. After fitting an initial measurement model, we fit a structural equation model including Health Beliefs About UV (HBAU) subscales ( and ), outcome variables (sunscreen use, indoor tanning, and outdoor tanning), and covariates (eg, tanning and sunscreen use).

Is Weight Discrimination Associated With Physical Activity Among Middle Aged and Older Adults?

Older adults (> 65) are less physically active than all other adult age groups. Although experiences of weight discrimination have been inversely associated with physical activity in several studies of middle-aged and older adults, the role of weight discrimination in this relationship has not been sufficiently explicated. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (a longitudinal panel study of U.

Tanning benefits, seasonal effects, and concerns about sunscreen: Measuring health beliefs about UV among college students.

To develop and validate a scale measuring health beliefs about UV in cloudy climates that may impact UV exposure behaviors. Students at a large university in Oregon completed pilot ( = 115) and final ( = 335) scales online March-July, 2016. Five participants underwent cognitive interviews.

Use and Nondisclosure of Complementary Health Approaches Among US Children with Developmental Disabilities.

Objectives: Many US children use complementary health approaches (CHAs), including some modalities that may be ineffective, unsafe, and/or costly. Yet, little is known about the prevalence and correlates of CHA use among children with developmental disabilities (DDs), as well as parent nondisclosure of CHAs used for children with DDs to health care providers. We, therefore, aimed to profile the use and nondisclosure of CHAs among US children with DDs.

Parents' Use of Complementary Health Approaches for Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Knowledge of why parents use complementary health approaches (CHA) for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is limited. We conducted a mixed methods study to better understand factors influencing parents' decision to use CHA for ASD. Parent-reported data about CHA use were collected on a probability sample of 352 young children with ASD in Denver, Colorado; Los Angeles, California; or Portland, Oregon.

Parent disclosure of complementary health approaches used for children with autism spectrum disorder: Barriers and facilitators.

Background And Objectives: Complementary health approaches (CHA) are widely used among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). As part of shared treatment decision-making, healthcare providers are encouraged to discuss CHA with parents of children with ASD. Yet prior research suggests that parents often do not disclose CHA used for children, and their reasons for nondisclosure are poorly understood.

Family-Centered Care Measurement and Associations With Unmet Health Care Need Among US Children.

Objective: Family-centered care (FCC), including shared decision making (SDM), has become increasingly emphasized in pediatric health care delivery. Past studies using national surveys have used different FCC measurement approaches without determining their validity. We, therefore, sought to develop an FCC measurement model with Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) items previously used to assess FCC or SDM; and to determine temporal associations of FCC with unmet health care need.

Perceptions of Risk for Hepatitis B Infection among the Hmong.

The Hmong in the U.S. who emigrated from Southeast Asia, an area where hepatitis B is endemic, experience high rates of hepatitis B infection and liver cancer compared to non-Hispanic whites.

Cancer Fatalism and Preferred Sources of Cancer Information: an Assessment Using 2012 HINTS Data.

Cancer fatalism is associated with lower participation in cancer screening, nonadherence to cancer screening guidelines, and avoidance of medical care. Few studies, however, have examined the relationship between cancer fatalism and health information seeking. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between endorsement of fatalistic beliefs regarding cancer and preferred sources of cancer information.

Sex differences and risk behaviors among indoor tanners.

Objective: The objectives were to examine (1) sex differences in factors associated with indoor tanning, and (2) the relationship between cancer risk perception and skin cancer screening among indoor tanners.

Methods: Data are from the 2010 National Health Interview Survey. The sample was limited to U.

Examining the association between patient-centered communication and provider avoidance, CAM use, and CAM-use disclosure.

Context: Patients' perceptions of the quality of their relationships with health care providers may influence their health care-seeking behaviors and future interactions with providers, including use of conventional health care, use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), and disclosure of CAM use.

Objective: The study examined the associations between perceived patient-centered communication and provider avoidance, CAM use, and CAM-use disclosure.

Design: This study used cross-sectional survey data from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) 3, a nationally representative survey of US adults collected between January 2008 and May 2008.

Research challenges and lessons learned from conducting community-based research with the Hmong community.

Background: Conducting research with underserved communities with little exposure to research presents a number of challenges and opportunities. Our study used a community-based approach to better understand factors that influence breast and cervical cancer screening among Hmong women.

Objective: This article shares lessons learned during the process of developing and conducting qualitative research with a Hmong community with limited experience with research.

Mental Health Symptoms Among Student Service Members/Veterans and Civilian College Students.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate if and to what extent student service members/veterans differ from civilian college students in the prevalence of self-reported symptoms of poor mental health.

Participants: The Fall 2011 implementation of the American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment included 27,774 respondents from 44 colleges and universities.

Methods: Participants were matched using propensity scores, and the prevalence of symptoms was compared using logistic regression and zero-inflated negative binomial regression models.

Examining CAM use disclosure using the Behavioral Model of Health Services Use.

Objectives: To improve understanding of factors that may influence disclosure of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use in the U.S.

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Sources of breast and cervical cancer information for Hmong women and men.

Despite low breast and cervical cancer screening levels among Hmong women in the United States reported in the literature, understanding of the barriers to screening for Hmong women is limited. Health literacy issues may influence screening behavior for this population. This qualitative study explored sources of information about breast and cervical cancer, including screening, and identified barriers to seeking such information for Hmong women and men.

Hepatitis B knowledge, screening, and vaccination among Hmong Americans.

We examined Hmong women and men's knowledge of hepatitis B and their screening and vaccination behavior. In-depth interviews were conducted with Hmong in Oregon aged 18 and older (n=83). Independent samples t-test was used to assess mean differences in knowledge by demographic characteristics.

Breast and cervical cancer screening: exploring perceptions and barriers with Hmong women and men in Oregon.

Background: Hmong women are reported to have very low rates of breast and cervical cancer screening compared to other Asian and White women in the USA. Reasons for low cancer screening rates among this population are not well understood.

Methods: This qualitative study (n=83) explored Hmong women and men's perceptions of breast and cervical cancer and cancer screening, women's experiences with breast and cervical cancer screening, and health care system barriers to screening.

Discrimination in health care and CAM use in a representative sample of U.S. adults.

Objectives: Discrimination in medical settings may influence patient attitudes about health care and health-seeking behaviors. Patients who experience discrimination may seek alternative means of health care, including use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between discrimination in health care and CAM use.

"We don't talk about it" and other interpersonal influences on Hmong women's breast and cervical cancer screening decisions.

Hmong women in the United States have low rates of breast and cervical cancer screening, and the factors that influence screening in this population are not well understood. This qualitative study explored family and clan influences on Hmong women's breast and cervical cancer screening attitudes and behavior. We conducted in-depth interviews with Hmong women and men living in Oregon.

Medical mistrust and discrimination in health care: a qualitative study of Hmong women and men.

Low rates of breast and cervical cancer screening among Hmong women have been documented. Mistrust of Western medicine and the health care system, as well as experiences of discrimination in health care, may be barriers to seeking health care for this population. In this study, we explored medical mistrust among Hmong women and men, their experiences with discrimination in health care, and how these factors may influence Hmong women's breast and cervical cancer screening behavior.

Seeking information about HIV/AIDS: a qualitative study of health literacy among people living with HIV/AIDS in a low prevalence context.

People living with HIV/AIDS in rural and low HIV prevalence areas face a number of challenges including stigma, limited access to specialized medical care, lack of an HIV/AIDS specialist and fear which may interfere with their ability to find and use information to manage their health. With a large number of HIV cases located in non-metropolitan and rural areas in the US, more research is needed to better understand the health seeking behaviors of individuals living in this context. This study examined how 16 individuals living with HIV sought out information to meet their health needs.

Pregnancy motivations and contraceptive use: hers, his, or theirs?

Context: Studies increasingly consider the role of pregnancy motivations on contraceptive use. Few studies include measures of men's pregnancy motivations.

Methods: We used baseline data (from a couples-intervention study) to examine the contribution of women's and men's pregnancy motivations and participation in decision making to contraceptive use by women in relatively stable relationships who were not trying to get pregnant.

Insurance-based discrimination during prenatal care, labor, and delivery: perceptions of Oregon mothers.

The purpose of this study was to improve understanding of who experiences insurance-based discrimination during prenatal care, labor, and delivery and how their health care may differ from that of other women. We pooled data from the 1998-1999, 2000, and 2001 Oregon Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System and conducted univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. The women who perceived that they had been treated differently by health care providers during prenatal care, labor, or delivery based on their insurance status were largely a lower income group.

In a country as affluent as America, people should be eating: experiences with and perceptions of food insecurity among rural and urban Oregonians.

Many factors are associated with food insecurity in the United States. We conducted interviews with 25 low-income and/or food-insecure Oregonians to explore their experiences with food insecurity, the role of social support, and whether these experiences differed based on rural/urban residence. Ill health and unemployment emerged as food-insecurity contributors.