Safety and Treatment Outcomes of Infants and Children Treated With Daptomycin: Six-Year Experience From a Pediatric Academic Medical Center.

Daptomycin is a common treatment for serious infections caused by gram-positive bacteria in adult patients; however, data regarding its safety and efficacy in the pediatric population are limited. This was a retrospective chart review of adverse reactions and treatment outcomes associated with daptomycin use in children <13 years old who received at least 1 dose of daptomycin. At least 1 dose of daptomycin was received by 147 patients.

Remdesivir Use in Pediatric Patients for SARS-CoV-2 Treatment: Single Academic Center Study.

Background: Millions of children in the United States have been infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), with many infections leading to hospitalization. For pediatric patients, especially younger children, treatment options are limited. Remdesivir has demonstrated a positive safety and efficacy profile in adults, but little data is published regarding remdesivir use in pediatric patients.

Comprehensive Care Improvement for Oncologic Fever and Neutropenia from a Pediatric Emergency Department.

Introduction: Rapid time to antibiotics (TTA) for pediatric patients with fever and neutropenia in an emergency department decreases in-hospital mortality. Additionally, national guidelines recommend outpatient antibiotic management strategies for low-risk fever and neutropenia (LRFN). This study had two specific aims: (1) improve the percent of patients with suspected fever and neutropenia who receive antibiotics within 60 minutes of arrival from 55% to 90%, and (2) develop and operationalize a process for outpatient management of LRFN patients by October 2018.

Vaccine-Strain Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus in a 14-month-old Boy Prompting an Immunodeficiency Workup: Case Report and Review of Vaccine-strain Herpes Zoster.

We present a case of herpes zoster ophthalmicus in an otherwise healthy 14-month-old male associated with vaccine-strain varicella-zoster virus 11 weeks after monovalent varicella vaccine administration. Herpes zoster ophthalmicus, especially in the setting of familial immunoglobulin A deficiency, prompted further immunologic workup. A high index of suspicion is necessary for timely diagnosis and treatment of vaccine-strain herpes zoster.

Actionable diagnosis of neuroleptospirosis by next-generation sequencing.

A 14-year-old boy with severe combined immunodeficiency presented three times to a medical facility over a period of 4 months with fever and headache that progressed to hydrocephalus and status epilepticus necessitating a medically induced coma. Diagnostic workup including brain biopsy was unrevealing. Unbiased next-generation sequencing of the cerebrospinal fluid identified 475 of 3,063,784 sequence reads (0.

Premastication as a route of pediatric HIV transmission: case-control and cross-sectional investigations.

Background: Three cases of pediatric HIV transmission attributed to the feeding practice of premasticating food for children have been reported. The degree of risk that premastication poses for pediatric HIV transmission and the prevalence of this behavior among HIV-infected caregivers is unknown.

Methods: During December 2009 to February 2010, we conducted a case-control investigation of late-diagnosed HIV infection in children at 6 HIV clinics using in-person and telephone interviews.

The HIV-Infected Adolescent.

HIV-infected adolescents represent a unique, yet diverse, population requiring specialized medical and psychosocial HIV care. Perinatally infected and behaviorally infected adolescents often have differing therapeutic needs, but may share common difficulties, including medication nonadherence, high-risk sexual behavior, psychosocial stressors, and concomitant psychiatric disorders. Addressing these needs within a culturally sensitive framework and in the context of a population-specific approach to treatment is paramount to optimizing care.

Defective IL-2 production by HIV-1-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells in an adolescent/young adult cohort.

Here we investigate the effect of viremia and the influence of HAART on the frequency and quality of HIVspecfic T cells in an adolescent/young adult cohort. Measurements of viral loads and the magnitude and quality of antiviral cellular immune responses were performed on 14 HAART-naive and 8 treated HIV-1-infected adolescents. Cross-sectional correlations between viral load and cellular immune responses were determined and data were analyzed by viral load (<4000, 4000-40,000, and >40,000 copies/ml plasma) and patient treatment status.

Reasons for testing and clinical and demographic profile of adolescents with non-perinatally acquired HIV infection.

Objectives: We sought to examine the demographic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics; reasons for HIV testing; and factors that contribute to delays in entry into specialized HIV care after diagnosis of HIV infection among adolescents in an urban clinic in Georgia.

Methods: All of the data for this study were obtained solely by medical chart review. Demographic, clinical, behavioral, and HIV testing data were abstracted from medical charts of 59 non-perinatally HIV-infected adolescents who were aged 13 to 18 years and entered care at the pediatric and adolescent HIV clinic of a Georgia hospital during 1999-2002.

Rapid review of liquid-based smears as a quality control measure.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a standardized method of rapid review (RR) of monolayer preparations for the identification of abnormalities, the presence of an endocervical component and infectious agents. A total of 200 ThinPrep (Cytyc, Boxborough, MA) slides representing the spectrum of abnormalities commonly encountered in cervical/vaginal cytologic specimens was retrieved from archive. The study set comprised 129 cases within normal limits (WNL); 36 low-grade epithelial abnormalities (LGEA); 28 high-grade epithelial abnormalities (HGEA), including 2 endocervical adenocarcinomas in situ (AIS) and 7 carcinomas.