Prevention of surface-to-human transmission of rotaviruses by treatment with disinfectant spray.

A model was developed to examine the effects of disinfectants on the transmission of infectious rotavirus from a dried surface to humans. The initial experiments were designed to find a method of preserving rotavirus infectivity during drying. Culture-adapted human rotavirus (CJN strain) was dried at room temperature in different organic suspensions, including fecal matter, several laboratory media, and nonfat dry milk (NDM).

Safety and immunogenicity of a Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite vaccine: boosting of antibody response in a population with prior natural exposure to malaria.

Recombinant sporozoite vaccine or placebo were administered once to 25 volunteers from an area endemic for malaria. Antibody to R32tet32 rose in 9 of 15 receiving vaccine and remained elevated in 6 for 6 months. Mean absorbance increase was 0.

Ex-vivo MR imaging of the cruciate ligaments.

Eight pairs of cruciate ligaments were obtained at autopsy for ex-vivo MR imaging. Image analysis demonstrated no differences in intrinsic signal characteristics between the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). Histologic examination showed no differences in ligament organization.

Falciparum malaria parasitized erythrocytes bind to a carboxy-terminal thrombospondin fragment and not the amino-terminal heparin-binding region.

We investigated Plasmodium falciparum parasitized erythrocyte binding to proteolytic fragments of thrombospondin and the effects of anti-thrombospondin monoclonal antibodies on this binding. Purified human platelet thrombospondin was cleaved by trypsin, chymotrypsin or thrombin. Fragments were separated by heparin-agarose affinity chromatography, removing the amino-terminal heparin-binding region.

Hospital supervised vs home exercise in cardiac rehabilitation: effects on aerobic fitness, anxiety, and depression.

This study focused on the effects of hospital supervision and type of prescribed home exercise in cardiac rehabilitation programs on aerobic fitness, anxiety, and depression. Men who had a myocardial infarction were randomly assigned to four exercise programs: The first program consisted of purely hospital-based exercise. The second and third programs combined hospital and home exercise, including either bicycling or walking at home.

Influenza-specific ELISA IgA and IgG predict severity of influenza disease in subjects prescreened with hemagglutination inhibition.

Four influenza A challenge studies were performed over a period of three years using the same dose of one virus pool. The first three studies were conducted two influenza seasons apart from the last study. In all four studies only subjects with screening hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody titers less than or equal to 1:8 in sera were accepted as study subjects.

Sch 37370: a potent, orally active, dual antagonist of platelet-activating factor and histamine.

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) and histamine are potent bronchospastic agents and possess additional properties such as induction of vasopermeability and activation of inflammatory cells that are consistent with their ability to mediate allergic and inflammatory responses. From a structural series with anticipated antihistamine activity, Sch 37370 (1-acetyl-4(8-chloro-5,6-dihydro-11H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2- b]pyridine-11-ylidine)piperidine) has been identified as a dual antagonist of PAF and histamine in vitro and in vivo and has been compared with several selective antagonists of PAF and histamine. Sch 37370 selectively inhibits PAF-induced aggregation of human platelets (IC50 = 0.

Protection of adults rechallenged with a human rotavirus.

Previous studies of adults challenged with human rotavirus (CJN strain) showed that 74% became infected and 55% of those infected experienced illness. Protection against infection correlated with rotavirus antibody, most significantly (P = .005) serum rotavirus IgG.

The effect of leukotriene antagonists, lipoxygenase inhibitors and selected standards on leukotriene-mediated allergic bronchospasm in guinea pigs.

Leukotrienes (LT) C4, D4, and E4 are major contributors to the pathobiology of human bronchial asthma. Therefore, it is likely that compounds that antagonize the action or inhibit the formation of LTs will be useful therapeutic agents. We have studied the effects of LT antagonists, 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors and selected standards in a model of LT-mediated allergic bronchospasm in guinea pigs.

A human adult Wilms' tumor. Histologic, ultrastructural, and cytogenetic analysis.

The cytogenetic, histologic, and electron microscopic studies of an adult patient with Wilms' tumor are presented. Wilms' tumor (nephroblastoma) is a common renal tumor of childhood but is extremely rare in people over 15 years old. The histologic analysis of the patient's tumor, including both light and electron microscopic analysis, indicated that this tumor satisfies the histologic criteria for an adult Wilms' tumor, namely, blastemic cells that are immature renal parenchymal cells, embryonic tubular structures, and a scanty stromal component consisting of loosely arranged spindle cells.

Human lymphocyte proliferative response to a sporozoite T cell epitope correlates with resistance to falciparum malaria.

To identify vaccine relevant T cell epitopes on the circumsporozoite (CS) protein of Plasmodium falciparum, the lymphocyte proliferative responses to 10 CS protein derived peptides were studied in 28 adult Kenyans, and correlated with resistance to malaria. Eight peptides, six of which were not overlapping, induced proliferation of lymphocytes from one to five volunteers, suggesting either genetic restriction of response to each of the T epitopes, or dominance of some T sites on the immunizing sporozoites. The 28 volunteers were radically cured of malaria and during the next 126 days 25 of the 28 were reinfected.