Peruvian Adolescent Mental Health Across Two Years of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Four Time-Point Longitudinal Study.

Purpose: This study investigated symptoms of anxiety and depression, feelings of loneliness, and life satisfaction among low-to-middle income Peruvian adolescents during 2 years of remote schooling due to the COVID-19 lockdown.

Methods: We used a four-wave longitudinal observational approach. Data were collected in April 2020, October 2020, June 2021, and November 2021 in Perú.

Technological Maturity of Aircraft-Based Methane Sensing for Greenhouse Gas Mitigation.

Methane is a major contributor to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Identifying large sources of methane, particularly from the oil and gas sectors, will be essential for mitigating climate change. Aircraft-based methane sensing platforms can rapidly detect and quantify methane point-source emissions across large geographic regions, and play an increasingly important role in industrial methane management and greenhouse gas inventory.

US oil and gas system emissions from nearly one million aerial site measurements.

As airborne methane surveys of oil and gas systems continue to discover large emissions that are missing from official estimates, the true scope of methane emissions from energy production has yet to be quantified. We integrate approximately one million aerial site measurements into regional emissions inventories for six regions in the USA, comprising 52% of onshore oil and 29% of gas production over 15 aerial campaigns. We construct complete emissions distributions for each, employing empirically grounded simulations to estimate small emissions.

A cost comparison of various hourly-reliable and net-zero hydrogen production pathways in the United States.

Hydrogen (H) as an energy carrier may play a role in various hard-to-abate subsectors, but to maximize emission reductions, supplied hydrogen must be reliable, low-emission, and low-cost. Here, we build a model that enables direct comparison of the cost of producing net-zero, hourly-reliable hydrogen from various pathways. To reach net-zero targets, we assume upstream and residual facility emissions are mitigated using negative emission technologies.

Leadless Pacemakers in Patients with Congenital Heart Disease.

Transcatheter leadless pacemakers have benefits in congenital heart disease because they eliminate the risks of lead malfunction, venous occlusions, and pocket complications. This newest pacemaker's utility in this population has been limited by the large sheath and delivery system, need for atrioventricular synchronous pacing, lack of explantation options, and possible lack of adequate access to the subpulmonary ventricle. With careful planning, leadless pacing can be successfully performed in these patients.

Visit and Between-Visit Interaction Frequency Before and After COVID-19 Telehealth Implementation.

Importance: Telehealth implementation associated with the COVID-19 public health emergency (PHE) affected patient-clinical team interactions in numerous ways. Yet, studies have narrowly examined billed patient-clinician visits rather than including visits with other team members (eg, pharmacists) or between-visit interactions.

Objective: To evaluate rates of change over time in visits (in-person, telehealth) and between-visit interactions (telephone calls, patient portal messages) overall and by key patient characteristics.

Impact of standardized, language-concordant hospital discharge instructions on postdischarge medication questions.

Written instructions improve patient comprehension of discharge instructions but are often provided only in English even for patients with a non-English language preference (NELP). We implemented standardized written discharge instructions in English, Spanish, and Chinese for hospital medicine patients at an urban academic medical center. Using an interrupted time series analysis, we assessed the impact on medication-related postdischarge questions for patients with English, Spanish, or Chinese language preferences.

Transcatheter Leadless Pacing in Children: A PACES Collaborative Study in the Real-World Setting.

Background: Transcatheter Leadless Pacemakers (TLP) are a safe and effective option for adults with pacing indications. These devices may be an alternative in pediatric patients and patients with congenital heart disease for whom repeated sternotomies, thoracotomies, or transvenous systems are unfavorable. However, exemption of children from clinical trials has created uncertainty over the indications, efficacy, and safety of TLP in the pediatric population.

Single-blind validation of space-based point-source detection and quantification of onshore methane emissions.

Satellites are increasingly seen as a tool for identifying large greenhouse gas point sources for mitigation, but independent verification of satellite performance is needed for acceptance and use by policy makers and stakeholders. We conduct to our knowledge the first single-blind controlled methane release testing of satellite-based methane emissions detection and quantification, with five independent teams analyzing data from one to five satellites each for this desert-based test. Teams correctly identified 71% of all emissions, ranging from 0.

Low-Cost Representative Sampling for a Natural Gas Distribution System in Transition.

Natural gas distribution systems within municipalities supply a substantial fraction of energy consumed in the United States. As decarbonization of the natural gas system necessitates new modes of operation outside original design purposes, for example, increased hydrogen or biogas blending, it becomes increasingly important to understand in advance how existing infrastructure will respond to these changes. Such an analysis will require detailed information about the existing asset base, such as local soil composition, plastic type, and other characteristics that are not systematically tracked at present or have substantial missing data.

Muscle usage and workload assessment of cardiac ablation procedure with the use of a novel catheter torque tool in a pediatric simulator.

Background: Cardiac ablation catheters are small in diameter and pose ergonomic challenges that can affect catheter stability. Significant finger dexterity and strength are necessary to maneuver them safely. We evaluated a novel torque tool to reduce muscle activation when manipulating catheters and improve perceived workload of ablation tasks.

The live biotherapeutic Blautia stercoris MRx0006 attenuates social deficits, repetitive behaviour, and anxiety-like behaviour in a mouse model relevant to autism.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by deficits in social behaviour, increased repetitive behaviour, anxiety and gastrointestinal symptoms. The aetiology of ASD is complex and involves an interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Emerging pre-clinical and clinical studies have documented a potential role for the gut microbiome in ASD, and consequently, the microbiota represents a potential target in the development of novel therapeutics for this neurodevelopmental disorder.

Association of Neighborhood Income with Clinical Outcomes Among Pregnant Patients with Cardiac Disease.

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of pregnancy mortality. Socioeconomic and racial disparities in pregnancy are well established. Despite this, little is known about the impact of social determinants of health in pregnant patients with heart disease.

Mixed methods evaluation of simulation-based training for postpartum hemorrhage management in Guatemala.

Background: To assess if simulation-based training (SBT) of B-Lynch suture and uterine balloon tamponade (UBT) for the management of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) impacted provider attitudes, practice patterns, and patient management in Guatemala, using a mixed-methods approach.

Methods: We conducted an in-country SBT course on the management of PPH in a governmental teaching hospital in Guatemala City, Guatemala. Participants were OB/GYN providers (n = 39) who had or had not received SBT before.

Quantifying Regional Methane Emissions in the New Mexico Permian Basin with a Comprehensive Aerial Survey.

Limiting emissions of climate-warming methane from oil and gas (O&G) is a major opportunity for short-term climate benefits. We deploy a basin-wide airborne survey of O&G extraction and transportation activities in the New Mexico Permian Basin, spanning 35 923 km, 26 292 active wells, and over 15 000 km of natural gas pipelines using an independently validated hyperspectral methane point source detection and quantification system. The airborne survey repeatedly visited over 90% of the active wells in the survey region throughout October 2018 to January 2020, totaling approximately 98 000 well site visits.

Closing the methane gap in US oil and natural gas production emissions inventories.

Methane (CH) emissions from oil and natural gas (O&NG) systems are an important contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. In the United States, recent synthesis studies of field measurements of CH emissions at different spatial scales are ~1.5-2× greater compared to official greenhouse gas inventory (GHGI) estimates, with the production-segment as the dominant contributor to this divergence.

Management and outcomes of atrial fibrillation in 241 healthy children and young adults: Revisiting "lone" atrial fibrillation-A multi-institutional PACES collaborative study.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) in healthy children and young adults is rare. Risk of recurrence and treatment efficacy are not well defined.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess recurrence patterns and treatment efficacy in AF.

Individualized growth assessment in pregnancies complicated by fetal gastroschisis.

Objective: Prenatal ultrasound (US) has been shown to overestimate the incidence of suspected fetal growth restriction (FGR) in gastroschisis cases. This is largely because of altered sonographic abdominal circumference (AC) measurements when comparing gastroschisis cases with population nomograms. Individualized Growth Assessment (IGA) evaluates fetal growth using serial US measurements that allow consideration of the growth potential for a given case.

Novel Approaches to Develop Critical Reference Materials for Noninvasive Prenatal Testing: A Pilot Study.

Background: Highly characterized reference materials are required to expand noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for low incidence aneuploidies and microdeletions. The goal of this study was to develop reference materials for the development of next generation circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) assays.

Methods: This was a prospective study of pregnancies complicated by positive prenatal genetic screening.

Single-dose intravesical amikacin instillation for pyocystis in a patient with autonomic dysreflexia: A case report.

Context: Pyocystis is an infection of the epithelium of the bladder and a frequent complication of anuria. Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) at the sixth thoracic vertebra (T6) or higher are at a greater risk for autonomic dysreflexia (AD), which can be induced by infections such as pyocystis. Cases of pyocystis treatment with aminoglycoside instillations have been reported in the literature.

Electrofuel Synthesis from Variable Renewable Electricity: An Optimization-Based Techno-Economic Analysis.

Sectors such as aviation may require low-carbon liquid fuels to dramatically reduce emissions. This analysis characterizes the economic viability of electrofuels, synthesized from CO from direct air capture (DAC) and hydrogen from electrolysis of water, powered primarily by solar or wind electricity. This optimization-based techno-economic analysis suggests that using today's technology, hydrocarbon electrofuels would cost upward of $4/liter of gasoline equivalent (lge), potentially falling to $1.