A Nationwide Study on the Seroprevalence of Measles, Mumps, and Rubella in Iranian Children and Adolescents.

Background: Assessing the prevalence of infections, which are preventable by vaccination, is crucial to monitor the vaccination program efficacy, and it can demonstrate the gaps in population immunity. The current study attempted to assess the specific Immunoglobulin (IgG) antibody against measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) in Iranian children and adolescents, years after their vaccination.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Iran.

Seroprevalence of among a nationally representative sample of Iranian pediatric population: The childhood and adolescence surveillance and prevention of adult noncommunicable disease-V study.

Background: Pertussis is a vaccine-preventable respiratory infection and seroepidemiology of the infection could be a marker of the pertussis immunity in a population. In many countries, despite vaccination coverage, high prevalence of pertussis has been observed. The present study aimed to evaluate the immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody against pertussis and the role of demographic and anthropometric variables on the immunity rate in the Iranian pediatric population to evaluate the impact of existing immunization program in order to envisage future vaccination strategies to prevent infection.

Effect of melatonin supplementation on endothelial function in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: A randomized, double-blinded clinical trial.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of melatonin supplementation on endothelial function in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

Methods: This is an analysis of the MeHR trial, a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial with two parallel arms of 1:1. Oral 10 mg melatonin tablets or placebo was administered for 24 weeks.

Fixed Dose Combination Therapy for Secondary Prevention of Major Cardiovascular Events: Review of Literature and Design for Persian Polypill, A Randomized Clinical Trial.

This is a review on clinical trials assessing polypill in secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), followed by design of Persian Polypill study. We identified six completed studies and three ongoing trials having at least 10% of their participants with established CVD. Evaluation of these trials showed insufficient data to support polypill as a strategy to reduce major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in CVD patients, and a lack of studies in low and middle income countries.

Effect of melatonin on heart failure: design for a double-blinded randomized clinical trial.

Aims: Current studies indicate that melatonin can counteract renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and sympathetic over activity in heart failure (HF) and might have a protective and repairing effect on cardiovascular injuries, skeletal muscle weakness, and metabolic abnormalities, which are common pathological processes in patients with HF. The MeHR trial (Melatonin for Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) aims to evaluate the effect of oral melatonin on myocardial, skeletal muscle, and metabolic dysfunctions in HF, which leads to lower quality of life and increased morbidity and mortality in these patients.

Methods And Results: This is a double-blind randomized clinical trial with two parallel arms of 1:1 allocation, which recruits 90 outpatients with HF with reduced ejection fraction.

HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Female Sex Workers in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Given the high burden of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among female sex workers (FSW) and their potential role in bridging HIV/STIs into the general population, estimating the prevalence of HIV/STIs among FSW is essential for future research and policy developments. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesize the available HIV/STIs data among FSW in Iran. We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Iranian databases from inception through to January 2018.

The efficacy of low and moderate dosage of diazepam on sleep bruxism in children: A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Background: Sleep bruxism (SB) in children is commonly a self-limited problem; however, therapy of the condition may be needed to improve sleep quality of parents and children. Benzodiazepines have some success in controlling adult bruxism. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect and the safety of a short course of diazepam on controlling SB in healthy children.

Detection of Coxiella burnetii and risk factors for infection in ruminants in a central county of Iran.

Q fever is an important zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii. This study assessed the prevalence of C. burnetii DNA in blood samples of ruminants and identified the risk factors of infection.

Epidemiology of Q fever in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis for estimating serological and molecular prevalence.

Background: Q fever is endemic in Iran, thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on epidemiology of among humans and animals in Iran.

Materials And Methods: A systematic search was performed to identify all articles reporting prevalence in Iranian humans or animals, published from January 2000 to January 2015. Data from articles were extracted, and a pooled estimate of prevalence with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using random effect method.

Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections and Their Risk Factors among Female Sex Workers in Isfahan, Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objectives: Female sex workers (FSWs) are at high risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and form a core group to facilitate STI spreading. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of STIs among FSWs who attended Female Harm Reduction Center of Isfahan, Iran, and to determine the association between risky behaviors and STIs.

Study Design: In a cross-sectional study, 99 FSWs were recruited and interviewed about demographic characteristics and risky behaviors.

Detection and risk factors of Coxiella burnetii infection in dairy cattle based on bulk tank milk samples in center of Iran.

Infection with Coxiella burnetii has a worldwide distribution in ruminants and is associated with abortions and reproductive problems in this group of animals. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of C. burnetii DNA in bulk tank milk (BTM) of dairy cattle herds and to identify the risk factors of infection.

Comparison of the Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hepatitis A in 10 to 18-Year-Old Adolescents of Sixteen Iranian Provinces: The CASPIAN-III Study.

Background: Hepatitis A is a common health concern both in developing and developed countries. Hygienic and socioeconomic parameters deeply impact the prevalence and transmission of this disease. Evaluating the epidemiological distribution and risk factors for Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is necessary for policy makers to improve local and national preventive measures.

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Varicella Zoster Infection in Iranian Adolescents: A Multilevel Analysis; The CASPIAN-III Study.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the varicella zoster virus (VZV) immunity in Iranian adolescents. It was conducted as a primary study for vaccine implementation, and to investigate the association of climatic and socioeconomic factors with the epidemiology of this infection. In this cross- sectional study, anti VZV antibodies were measured in serum samples obtained in a national school-based health survey (CASPIAN- III).

Therapeutic effect of acupuncture in BALB/c model of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Background: Current research findings demonstrate that acupuncture, a traditional Chinese medicine, has beneficial effects on several acute and chronic infectious and inflammatory diseases. Acupuncture promotes tissue healing and regulates immune response in various disease conditions. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a parasitic disease caused by protozoan from genus Leishmania.

Systematic review and meta-analysis on the age-specific seroprevalence of hepatitis A in Iran.

Background: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a major cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. Annual medical and work loss costs of hepatitis A are significant even in low-endemic countries. It is recommended that each country should collect and review the information needed to estimate its national burden of hepatitis A to provide evidence for health policy makers to implement appropriate and cost-effective preventive strategy for HAV infection.

Widespread antibiotic resistance of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli and Shigella species.

Background: Antibiotic resistance of enteric pathogens particularly Shigella species, is a critical world-wide problem and monitoring their resistant pattern is essential, because the choice of antibiotics is absolutely dependent on regional antibiotic susceptibility patterns. During summer 2013, an unusual increase in number of diarrheal diseases was noticed in Isfahan, a central province of Iran. Therefore, the antibiotic resistance of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli and Shigella species isolated were evaluated.

Molecular detection of Candida spp. and Aspergillus fumigatus in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia.

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common nosocomial infection in critically ill patients with high morbidity and mortality rates. The etiology of VAP is usually bacterial. Opportunistic fungi such as Candida and Aspergillus species (spp.

Comparison of immune regulatory factors in acute and chronic lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania major.

Background: Adaptive immune response is an important factor in the healing process and development of protection in cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Little information is available in human CL about the importance of the balance between effector and regulatory immune responses. Therefore, the aim of this study was to asses messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-4, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), interferon-g (IFN-γ), and forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) (as a marker of regulatory T cells) in acute and chronic CL lesions caused by Leishmania major compared with normal skin samples.