Malpractice Litigation in Ophthalmic Trauma.

Objective: To report and analyze the causes and outcomes of malpractice litigation in ophthalmic trauma.

Methods: The Westlaw database was reviewed for ophthalmology litigation in the United States between 1930 and 2014. All ophthalmic trauma cases were included and compared to non-traumatic ophthalmology malpractice cases.

Treatment of presumed Nocardia endophthalmitis and subretinal abscess with serial intravitreal amikacin injections and pars plana vitrectomy.

A 64-year-old man with a past medical history of liver transplantation on chronic immunosuppressive therapy presented with gradual worsening of vision over 2 months in his right eye. His recent history of Aspergillus and Nocardia pneumonia with positive bronchoalveolar lavage, in concert with vitritis and subretinal abscess, were concerning for endogenous endophthalmitis. A sputum culture and transbronchial lung biopsy stains grew Nocardia farcinica although aqueous humor sampling was negative.

Corrigendum: Cloche is a bHLH-PAS transcription factor that drives haemato-vascular specification.

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/nature18614.

Distinguishing Uveitis Secondary to Sarcoidosis From Idiopathic Disease: Cardiac Implications.

Importance: Idiopathic disease is the most frequent diagnosis in a uveitis clinic. The need to distinguish sarcoidosis from idiopathic uveitis is controversial. However, cardiac involvement in sarcoidosis can be life-threatening.

Guidance on Noncorticosteroid Systemic Immunomodulatory Therapy in Noninfectious Uveitis: Fundamentals Of Care for UveitiS (FOCUS) Initiative.

Topic: An international, expert-led consensus initiative to develop systematic, evidence-based recommendations for the treatment of noninfectious uveitis in the era of biologics.

Clinical Relevance: The availability of biologic agents for the treatment of human eye disease has altered practice patterns for the management of noninfectious uveitis. Current guidelines are insufficient to assure optimal use of noncorticosteroid systemic immunomodulatory agents.

Recovery of outer retinal laminations on optical coherence tomography after treatment of cancer associated retinopathy.

Purpose: To report novel optical coherence tomography findings in a case of anti-α-enolase cancer associated retinopathy.

Observations: An elderly female presented with bilateral decreased vision and a recent diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma. Optical coherence tomography demonstrated bilateral loss of outer retinal structures and macular edema.

Uveitis and Juvenile Psoriatic Arthritis or Psoriasis.

Purpose: To describe the phenotype of the uveitis that accompanies juvenile psoriatic arthritis or psoriasis.

Design: Observational case series.

Methods: Setting: Two university-based referral clinics: 1 in England, 1 in the United States.

Gene Expression Profiling and Heterogeneity of Nonspecific Orbital Inflammation Affecting the Lacrimal Gland.

Importance: Although a variety of well-characterized diseases, such as sarcoidosis and granulomatosis with polyangiitis, affect the lacrimal gland, many patients with dacryoadenitis are diagnosed as having nonspecific orbital inflammation (NSOI) on the basis of histology and systemic disease evaluation. The ability to further classify the disease in these patients should facilitate selection of effective therapies.

Objective: To test the a priori hypothesis that gene expression profiles would complement clinical and histopathologic evaluations in identifying well-characterized diseases and in subdividing NSOI into clinically relevant groups.

Ocular sarcoidosis: new diagnostic modalities and treatment.

Purpose Of Review: Ocular involvement in sarcoidosis is present in up to 80% of patients and is frequently manifested before diagnosis of the underlying systemic disease. Considering the therapeutic consequences, early diagnosis of the underlying disease is advantageous in patients presenting with ocular inflammation. There are several ocular findings suggestive of underlying sarcoidosis, such as granulomatous keratic precipitates, iris nodules, cells in the vitreous humor known as snowballs and snowbanks, and retinal periphlebitis.

Acute Retinal Necrosis: Presenting Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes in a Cohort of Polymerase Chain Reaction-Positive Patients.

Purpose: To identify determinants of adverse outcomes in acute retinal necrosis (ARN), presenting characteristics and incidence rates of vision loss and ocular complications in a cohort of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive eyes were analyzed.

Design: Retrospective observational cohort study.

Methods: Forty-one eyes of 36 patients with clinically diagnosed ARN, PCR-positive for herpes simplex virus or varicella zoster virus and evaluated between January 2002 and June 2013, were included.

Cloche is a bHLH-PAS transcription factor that drives haemato-vascular specification.

Vascular and haematopoietic cells organize into specialized tissues during early embryogenesis to supply essential nutrients to all organs and thus play critical roles in development and disease. At the top of the haemato-vascular specification cascade lies cloche, a gene that when mutated in zebrafish leads to the striking phenotype of loss of most endothelial and haematopoietic cells and a significant increase in cardiomyocyte numbers. Although this mutant has been analysed extensively to investigate mesoderm diversification and differentiation and continues to be broadly used as a unique avascular model, the isolation of the cloche gene has been challenging due to its telomeric location.

Delayed Superficial Migration of Retained Hyaluronic Acid Years Following Periocular Injection.

Cosmetic injection of hyaluronic acid (HA) and other fillers is increasingly common, and the late complications of these relatively new procedures are now coming to medical attention. Three patients with delayed periocular swelling that began years after injection of HA are described, with CT, MRI, and histopathologic characterization. While HA fillers are marketed as having a temporary effect of several months, the authors demonstrate that they may persist in the body for up to 9 years.

Severity of vision loss interacts with word-specific features to impact out-loud reading in glaucoma.

Purpose: To assess the impact of glaucoma-related vision loss on measures of out-loud reading, including time to say individual words, interval time between consecutive words, lexical errors, skipped words, and repetitions.

Methods: Glaucoma subjects (n = 63) with bilateral visual field loss and glaucoma suspect controls (n = 57) were recorded while reading a standardized passage out loud. A masked evaluator determined the start and end of each recorded word and identified reading errors.

Severity of Vision Loss Interacts with Word-Specific Features to Impact Out-Loud Reading in Glaucoma.

Purpose: To assess the impact of glaucoma-related vision loss on measures of out-loud reading, including time to say individual words, interval time between consecutive words, lexical errors, skipped words, and repetitions. Methods: Glaucoma subjects (n=63) with bilateral visual field loss and glaucoma suspect controls (n=57) were recorded while reading a standardized passage out loud. A masked evaluator determined the start and end of each recorded word and identified reading errors.

Clinical features and incidence rates of ocular complications in patients with ocular syphilis.

Purpose: To describe the clinical outcomes of ocular syphilis.

Design: Retrospective chart review.

Methods: The charts of patients with ocular syphilis (regardless of human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] status) seen in a uveitis referral center between 1984 and 2014 were reviewed.

Periocular triamcinolone acetonide injections for control of intraocular inflammation associated with uveitis.

Purpose: To describe the effectiveness of periocular corticosteroid injections for the control of intraocular inflammation associated with noninfectious uveitis.

Methods: A total of 81 patients (109 eyes) who received a periocular injection were evaluated for active inflammation, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, degree of intraocular inflammation, and the presence of ocular complications, including macular edema.

Results: Of all eyes, 36% (95%CI: 25%, 45%) demonstrated clinical resolution of inflammation at the 1-month visit after first injection, and 48% (95%CI: 37%, 59%) at 3 months.

RNA interference-mediated survivin gene knockdown induces growth arrest and reduced migration of vascular smooth muscle cells.

Survivin (SVV) is a multifunctional protein that has been implicated in the development of neointimal hyperplasia. Nuclear SVV is essential for mitosis, whereas in mitochondria SVV has a cytoprotective function. Here, we investigated the effects of RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated SVV knockdown on cell cycle kinetics, apoptosis, migration, and gene expression in primary cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from the human saphenous vein.