Morphine versus methadone for neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome: a randomized controlled pilot study.

Background: Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome (NOWS) is a significant public health issue and while millions of neonates are affected each year, an optimal pharmacologic weaning protocol has yet to be demonstrated. In this study, we compare hospital length of stay (LOS) and length of treatment (LOT) for treatment of neonatal opioid withdrawal (NOWS) with morphine versus methadone.

Methods: This was a single-site, open-label, randomized controlled pilot study conducted from October 2016-September 2018.

Perceived Effect of Research on Clinical Care for Women With Opioid Use Disorder.

Objective: To describe the perceived effects of clinical research and program evaluation on perceptions of clinical care among women with opioid use disorder (OUD) and their health care providers.

Design: Qualitative descriptive.

Setting: Four specialty clinics in academic medical centers that provide care for pregnant women with OUD.

A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Physician Abortion Practice After Residency.

Background And Objectives: In the United States, 89% of counties have no clinics providing abortion care. Though training residents increases intention to provide abortion care, rates of postresidency abortion provision are low. This study, conducted at one family medicine residency program in the Southwest United States, examines graduates' postresidency practice of abortion care in the context of their intent to provide during residency training.

Cognitive Outcomes of Young Children After Prenatal Exposure to Medications for Opioid Use Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Importance: The number of children with prenatal opioid exposure to medication for addiction treatment (MAT) with methadone and buprenorphine for maternal opioid use disorder is increasing, but the associations of this exposure with cognitive outcomes are not well understood.

Objective: To examine the strength and consistency of findings in the medical literature regarding the association of prenatal exposure to MAT with early childhood cognitive development, particularly when accounting for variables outside MAT exposure.

Data Sources: A search strategy obtained publications from PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Embase from January 1972 to June 2019.

Breastfeeding Intention Compared With Breastfeeding Postpartum Among Women Receiving Medication-Assisted Treatment.

Background:: Women taking methadone or buprenorphine are encouraged to breastfeed if stable without polysubstance use.

Research Aim:: We aimed to determine the difference between stated intention to breastfeed prenatally in women taking methadone or buprenorphine compared with breastfeeding at discharge and 2 months postpartum. Secondary outcomes were determining whether breastfeeding was more common in women taking buprenorphine, in women without hepatitis C infection, and in women without a history of heroin use, and whether breastfeeding reduced the need for pharmacological treatment of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome.

Risk factors for post lumbar puncture headache.

Background: Lumbar puncture (LP) is complicated by headache in about one-third of patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate potential risk factors for post-LP headache.

Methods: 144 Patients undergoing diagnostic LP at a tertiary medical center completed questionnaires on fear of the procedure, pre-existing headache, and post-LP headache.

Association between intimate partner violence and preventive screening among women.

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is defined as physical, sexual, or psychological harm that can be perpetrated by a former/current spouse. IPV has been linked to adverse health outcomes and risky behaviors, and victims of IPV tend to need more healthcare overall than nonvictims of IPV. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between IPV and preventive screening among women.

Survival of patients with squamous cell malignancies of the upper urinary tract.

Background: Carcinomas of the renal pelvis and ureter are rare diseases, accounting for only about 1% of all urogenital malignancies. Previous reports suggest that squamous cell histology is associated with inferior survival. We present the largest population based analysis to date of survival in patients with upper urinary tract malignancies.

Reversals of association for Pap, colorectal, and prostate cancer testing among Hispanic and non-Hispanic black women and men.

Background: Several studies have found that Hispanics and non-Hispanic blacks have statistically significantly higher adjusted OR for cancer screening tests compared to non-Hispanic whites, even though their crude percentages were lower than, or about equal to, those for the non-Hispanic whites. Most documentation is for mammography. This article investigates the prevalence of such unadjusted-to-adjusted "reversed associations" (RA) for Pap, colorectal, and prostate testing.

The important health impact of where a child lives: neighborhood characteristics and the burden of lead poisoning.

Toxins and other health threats can cause health problems, whether they are present in the child's own home, other neighborhood homes where the child spends time, or common areas such as playgrounds. We assess the impact of where a child lives on the burden of lead poisoning. Statewide lead screening data was obtained from the Rhode Island Department of Health.

The association of lifetime education with the prevalence of myocardial infarction: an analysis of the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

Socioeconomic status is likely an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease but little research has been done in the United States to study this association in a nationally representative sample. We sought to determine the association between lifetime education and the prevalence of myocardial infarction (MI) among adults over the age of 39 in the US. A cross sectional study was conducted using the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS).

Socioeconomic indicators and hysterectomy status in the United States, 2004.

Objective: To examine the association between socioeconomic indicators and hysterectomy.

Study Design: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the 2004 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey database. The effect of multiple socioeconomic exposures (education level, annual income and employment status) on hysterectomy status was evaluated.

Bisexuality, sexual risk taking, and HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men accessing voluntary counseling and testing services in Mumbai, India.

Objectives: To describe sociodemographics, sexual risk behavior, and estimate HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevalence among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Mumbai, India.

Methods: Eight hundred thirty-one MSM attending voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) services at the Humsafar Trust, answered a behavioral questionnaire and consented for Venereal Disease Research Laboratory and HIV testing from January 2003 through December 2004. Multivariate logistic regression was performed for sociodemographics, sexual risk behavior, and STIs with HIV result as an outcome.

Investigating reversals of association for utilization of recent mammography among Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Black women.

Objective: Several papers have found that Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Black women have higher adjusted odds ratios for recent mammography when compared with Non-Hispanic White women, even though their crude percentages were lower than, or about equal to, Non-Hispanic White women's. This paper investigates the existence of "reversals" of association for recent mammography and describes an analysis strategy for identifying variables that might produce them.

Methods: We used every-other-year data for women aged 40-80 from the 1996-2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and the 1999, 2000, 2003, and 2005 National Health Interview Survey.

A practical approach to using spot urine protein/creatinine ratios for assessing proteinuria in pregnancy.

Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the spot urine protein/creatinine ratio compared with the 24-hour urine protein in pregnancy.

Study Design: In this prospective cohort study of inpatient pregnant women, the protein/creatinine ratio and dipstick protein were assessed from a single urine sample collected at the start of the 24-hour urine. Both tests were compared with the 24-hour urine protein for correlation and test characteristics.

The impact of an educational pamphlet on knowledge and anxiety in women with preeclampsia.

Objective: This study was undertaken to evaluate whether or not an educational pamphlet could improve knowledge without increasing anxiety in women with preeclampsia.

Methods: One hundred women recruited from an inpatient setting with suspected or proven preeclampsia were asked to answer a questionnaire assessing demographics, knowledge (primary outcome), anxiety and satisfaction (secondary outcomes) after being randomized to an intervention group (who received a pamphlet) or a control group (who did not received a pamphlet). The pamphlet and questionnaire, both designed by a multidisciplinary team, were read and answered at the same time.

The asthma/mental health nexus in a population-based sample of the United States.

Background: Asthma is one of the most prevalent chronic medical conditions in the United States. The relationship of asthma with psychological factors has been known for centuries, and recently there has been a resurgence of interest in this topic. This study investigates the relationship between current asthma and poor mental health in a nationally representative sample of the US population.

'Weighing in' on screening mammography.

Background: Obesity is associated with increased post-menopausal breast cancer risk. Overweight and obese women also tend to have a poorer prognosis when diagnosed with breast cancer compared with their matched normal weight peers. In previous studies obesity was associated with decreased utilization of screening mammography.

For women receiving chemotherapy for clinically apparent early ovarian cancer, is there a benefit to surgical staging?

Background: For women with early stage ovarian cancer (ESOC), comprehensive staging is the standard of care and studies suggest that these patients may not require further treatment. For women with incidentally diagnosed ovarian cancer there is a lack of consensus as to whether surgical staging be performed, particularly if chemotherapy is recommended.

Objective: We performed this retrospective study to determine the outcomes of women treated with chemotherapy for clinically apparent ESOC, stratified by whether staging was performed or not.

Characteristics of women who seek emergency contraception and family planning services.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the demographic characteristics and sexual risk behaviors of women who seek emergency contraception (EC) and general family planning (FP) services.

Study Design: This cross-sectional study included 227 women aged 17-43 years who were being evaluated for either EC or FP in an outpatient setting from 2003-2004. Descriptive statistics and odds ratios were included.

Accessing care: use of a specialized women's emergency care facility for nonemergent problems.

Objective: Given the problem of emergency room overcrowding, this study was designed to examine factors associated with women seeking treatment for medically nonemergent conditions in a primarily obstetric and gynecologic emergency facility.

Methods: This is a prospective study of 287 women coming for non-emergent reasons to the Women & Infants Hospital Emergency Room/Triage Unit (WIH ER/Triage Unit). Participants completed questionnaires to assess reasons for choosing to seek care in the emergency room, symptoms, and past medical care.

Age group differences among pregnant adolescents: sexual behavior, health habits and contraceptive use.

Study Objective: To determine differences in sexual behavior, health habits and contraceptive use among three age groups of pregnant adolescents.

Design: Prospective study of pregnant adolescents participating in face-to-face interviews including questions about demographic background, sexual behavior, health history and contraceptive use.

Setting: Urban prenatal clinic.

Should unsatisfactory colposcopy necessitate treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1?

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 or worse among women undergoing cone biopsy for CIN 1, stratified by colposcopic adequacy.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional cohort study was performed using a colposcopic database of 3,004 women seen between August 1999 and December 2005. Data collected included demographic information, indications for treatment, adequacy of colposcopic examination, and final cone pathology.

Management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 in adolescent and young women.

Study Objective: To evaluate regression rates among adolescents (aged < or =21) with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 managed expectantly and to determine factors associated with disease regression.

Design: Cohort study using a colposcopic database of 2,996 women seen between August 1999 and November 2005.

Setting: Colposcopy clinic in urban, tertiary care medical center.