Exposure Among Middle and High School Students to Warning Labels on E-Cigarette Packages Before and After an FDA Requirement, 2018-2019.

Introduction: Beginning August 10, 2018, a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) rule required all e-cigarette packages to have a health warning. We examined exposure among middle and high school students to e-cigarette warnings before and after the compliance date of the FDA's deeming rule, a rule allowing the FDA to regulate e-cigarettes, cigars, and other products.

Methods: We analyzed data from middle and high school students participating in the 2018 and 2019 National Youth Tobacco Survey.

Receipt and use of prohibited free samples of tobacco products among US adults who use cigarettes, cigars and smokeless tobacco, 2020.

Objectives: In the USA, tobacco product free samples (FS) are prohibited, except for smokeless tobacco samples distributed under certain conditions in qualified adult-only facilities. We examined prevalence and frequency of FS receipt among adults who use tobacco, channels of FS distribution and the potential effect of FS use on subsequent product purchase.

Methods: From 15 April through 12 July 2020, a total of 1989 adult participants in the National Panel of Tobacco Consumer Studies completed a mixed-mode survey on receipt and use of FS of cigarettes, cigars, smokeless tobacco, e-cigarettes and hookah tobacco.

Changes in Availability of ENDS: 2019-2020, U.S.

Introduction: Events during 2019 and 2020, such as the outbreak of e-cigarette, or vaping, product use‒associated lung injury; manufacturer product withdrawals; federal regulations; and coronavirus disease 2019, potentially affected the retail availability of ENDS in the U.S. Measuring changes in ENDS availability informs the understanding of the ENDS marketplace and contextualizes sales trends.

Development of a panel of U.S. adult tobacco users to inform tobacco regulatory science.

The National Panel of Tobacco Consumer Studies (TCS Panel) is a probability-based panel of about 4,000 U.S. adult cigarette, cigar, and smokeless tobacco users developed by the U.

Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) Device Types and Flavors Used by Youth in the PATH Study, 2016-2019.

The evolving electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) marketplace and recent regulatory actions may influence youth ENDS device preferences. Using data from Waves (W) 4, 4.5, and 5 (2016-2019) of the nationally representative Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, this study estimated the prevalence of open and closed system primary ENDS use by youth (12-17 years) current (past 30-day) ENDS users, and compared demographics, tobacco use characteristics, and patterns of ENDS use, including flavors, by device type.

Trends and characteristics of ocular exposures related to e-cigarettes and e-liquids reported to Poison Control Centers in the United States, 2010-2019.

Introduction: Ocular injuries and unintended exposures involving electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), also known as e-cigarettes, have been reported. However, trends and characteristics of ENDS-related ocular exposures at the population level are not well documented. This study was designed to describe trends and characteristics of ENDS-related ocular exposure cases reported to poison control centers (PCCs) in the U.

Qualitative insights on how adult e-cigarette users describe quantity of e-cigarettes used - PATH Study 2018.

The purpose of this qualitative study was to gain a deeper understanding of how adult e-cigarette users describe quantity of e-cigarettes used. Data for this analysis came from a qualitative study of U.S.

E-Cigarette Device Types Used by Middle School Students and High School Students-The U.S., 2019.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of e-cigarette device types used most often among youth currently using e-cigarettes in a nationally representative survey.

Methods: Data from the 2019 National Youth Tobacco Survey were used to estimate the proportion of middle school and high school e-cigarette users using different e-cigarette device types. Unadjusted logistic regression was used to test for differences in demographic characteristics and tobacco use patterns by device type (n = 3,608).

School Use and Normative Perceptions of Electronic Nicotine Product Use Among Middle and High School Students-November 2018.

Purpose: This study examined U.S. middle and high school student observations of electronic nicotine product (ENP) use in and around the school building and students' normative perceptions of use among peers.

Burn injuries related to E-cigarettes reported to poison control centers in the United States, 2010-2019.

Background: United States (U.S.) national data indicate that 2035 individuals with burn injuries from e-cigarette explosions presented to U.

Youth Access to Tobacco Products in the United States, 2016-2018.

Objectives: In 2018, approximately 4.9 million US middle and high school students reported past 30-day use of any tobacco product. This study describes how and where youth obtained tobacco products and whether refusal of sale occurred during 2016-2018.

Flavored Tobacco Product Use Among Middle and High School Students - United States, 2014-2018.

The 2009 Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act prohibits the inclusion of characterizing flavors (e.g., candy or fruit) other than tobacco and menthol in cigarettes; however, characterizing flavors are not currently prohibited in other tobacco products at the federal level.

Adoption, Sustainability, and Dissemination of Chronic Disease Prevention Policies in Community-Based Organizations.

Despite increasing interest in structural (policy, systems, and environmental) changes to improve health, little attention has focused on the adoption, implementation, sustainability, and potential for dissemination of these changes among local community-based organizations. A mixed methods approach was used for this process evaluation. Representatives of nine community-based organizations were surveyed using closed-ended questions and in-depth qualitative interviews to describe 32 policy changes.

Waterpipe or Hookah-Related Poisoning Events Among U.S. Adolescents and Young Adults.

Purpose: Waterpipe or hookah use is associated with carbon monoxide poisoning and effects such as nausea and vomiting. We examined the public health burden of poisoning events involving hookah tobacco in the U.S.

Harm Perceptions of Intermittent Tobacco Product Use Among U.S. Youth, 2016.

Purpose: We aimed to describe U.S. youth harm perceptions of intermittent tobacco use.

Obesity Prevention Practices and Policies in Child Care Settings Enrolled and Not Enrolled in the Child and Adult Care Food Program.

Objectives The United States Department of Agriculture's Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) provides meals and snacks to low-income children in child care. This study compared nutrition and physical activity practices and policies as well as the overall nutrition and physical activity environments in a sample of CACFP and non-CACFP child care settings. Methods A random stratified sample of 350 child care settings in a large Midwestern city and its suburbs, was mailed a survey on obesity prevention practices and policies concerning menu offerings, feeding practices, nutrition and physical activity education, activity levels, training, and screen time.

Risk perceptions of smokeless tobacco among adolescent and adult users and nonusers.

The recent growth in smokeless tobacco (ST) consumption has raised questions about consumer risk perceptions of ST products, especially in high-risk vulnerable populations. This qualitative study examined risk perceptions of ST among adolescent and adult users and nonusers in Ohio Appalachia. Focus groups and interviews were held with adolescents (n = 53; M age = 17 years) and adults (n = 63; M age = 34 years) from four Ohio Appalachian counties.

Comprehensive smoke-free policies: a tool for improving preconception health?

Lower income women are at higher risk for preconception and prenatal smoking, are less likely to spontaneously quit smoking during pregnancy, and have higher prenatal relapse rates than women in higher income groups. Policies prohibiting tobacco smoking in public places are intended to reduce exposure to secondhand smoke; additionally, since these policies promote a smoke-free norm, there have been associations between smoke-free policies and reduced smoking prevalence. Given the public health burden of smoking, particularly among women who become pregnant, our objective was to assess the impact of smoke-free policies on the odds of preconception smoking among low-income women.

Adolescent and adult perceptions of traditional and novel smokeless tobacco products and packaging in rural Ohio.

Objective: As smokeless tobacco (ST) marketing increases and new products emerge on the market, very little is known about consumer perceptions of ST products. To inform development of future ST counter-marketing approaches, this qualitative study examined consumer perceptions of traditional and novel ST products and packaging.

Methods: Focus groups and qualitative interviews were held with adolescent (n=23; mean age of 17 years) and adult (n=38; mean age of 29 years) male ST users from rural Ohio counties.

Factors influencing smokeless tobacco use in rural Ohio Appalachia.

The burden of smokeless tobacco (ST) use disproportionally impacts males in rural Ohio Appalachia. The purpose of this study was to describe the cultural factors contributing to this disparity and to articulate the way in which culture, through interpersonal factors (i.e.

Comparing incentives to increase response rates among African Americans in the Ohio pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system.

Since 2005, the Ohio Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) has used a prepaid phone card incentive in an effort to increase survey response. Although Ohio PRAMS has generally achieved an overall response rate of 70%, African American participation has been significantly lower, a persistent problem documented by other PRAMS states. We examined the effect of a gift card incentive compared to the standard phone card on African American response.

Sylvian fissure asymmetry in capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella).

Asymmetries of the sylvian fissure (SF) are believed to reflect an enlargement of the posterior temporal lobe, particularly a region that corresponds to part of Wernicke's area in humans. In nonhuman primates the homologue to the region may be involved in the discrimination and processing of species-specific vocalisations. As capuchin monkeys are large-brained, socially complex primates with a rich vocal repertoire, it was hypothesised that they would display asymmetry of the SF.