Immunological and Pathogenic Differences of Two Experimental Bluetongue Virus Serotype Infections Evaluated in Two Disparate Host Species.

Bluetongue virus (BTV) is a prevalent midge-borne pathogen that infects ruminant species worldwide. BTV infections range from asymptomatic to lethal, with mechanisms that determine the severity of infection remaining largely undefined. Although it is relatively poorly understood, the immune response to BTV infection is thought to be critical for both the propagation of disease as well as the resolution of infection.

Vocal Fold Injury Produces Similar Biomechanical Outcomes in Male and Female Rabbits.

Objective: Sex differences in response to trauma and physiologic stressors have been identified in numerous organ systems but have not yet been defined in the larynx. The objective of this study was to develop an endoscopic vocal fold injury model in rabbits and to compare structural and functional outcomes between male and female subjects.

Study Design: Basic science study.

A suite of designed protein cages using machine learning and protein fragment-based protocols.

Designed protein cages and related materials provide unique opportunities for applications in biotechnology and medicine, but their creation remains challenging. Here, we apply computational approaches to design a suite of tetrahedrally symmetric, self-assembling protein cages. For the generation of docked conformations, we emphasize a protein fragment-based approach, while for sequence design of the de novo interface, a comparison of knowledge-based and machine learning protocols highlights the power and increased experimental success achieved using ProteinMPNN.

Evaluating Temperature Effects on Bluetongue Virus Serotype 10 and 17 Coinfection in .

Bluetongue virus (BTV) is a segmented, double-stranded RNA virus transmitted by midges that infects ruminants. As global temperatures increase and geographical ranges of midges expand, there is increased potential for BTV outbreaks from incursions of novel serotypes into endemic regions. However, an understanding of the effect of temperature on reassortment is lacking.

Assessing Reassortment between Bluetongue Virus Serotypes 10 and 17 at Different Coinfection Ratios in .

Bluetongue virus (BTV) is a segmented, double-stranded RNA orbivirus listed by the World Organization for Animal Health and transmitted by biting midges. Segmented viruses can reassort, which facilitates rapid and important genotypic changes. Our study evaluated reassortment in midges coinfected with different ratios of BTV-10 and BTV-17.

Editorial Commentary: Cadaveric Biomechanical Orthopaedic Research Is Essential and Requires Quality and Validity Metrics.

Evidence-based medicine is the commanding philosophy of patient care in the field of orthopaedic surgery, and analysis of clinical research is facilitated by instruments and scales developed for assessing methodologic quality and validity of conclusions. In contrast, little consideration has been given to developing metrics to assess the quality and validity of orthopaedic ex vivo and laboratory research. This is easier said than done because these studies may be heterogeneous and complex in design, and methodologic details may not be intuitive to (non-engineer) readers.

Integrating Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratories for Emergency Use Testing during Pandemics.

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic showed limitations in human outbreak testing. Veterinary diagnostic laboratories (VDLs) possess capabilities to bolster emergency test capacity. Surveys from 26 participating VDLs found human SARS-CoV-2 testing was mutually beneficial, including One Health benefits.

Editorial Commentary: Bone Marrow Stimulation for Osteochondral Lesions of the Tibial Plafond Shows Generally Favorable Results.

Osteochondral lesions of the ankle are common, but only a small proportion of these lesions are found on the tibial plafond (osteochondral lesions of the tibial plafond, ie, OLTP). By and large, surgical treatment strategies for OLTP have been derived from techniques employed for those of the talus (ie, osteochondral lesion of the talus). Despite the clinical success of surgical treatments for osteochondral lesion of the talus, namely bone marrow stimulation, it is quite possible that OLTP may not respond similarly, given the unique anatomy and biomechanical properties of the tibia.

Recovery of multireassortant bluetongue virus serotype 6 sequences from a mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and Dorset sheep (Ovis aries) in Colorado.

We report the discovery of two bluetongue virus serotype 6 (BTV-6) reassortants recovered from a domestic sheep and a free-ranging mule deer in northern Colorado. At the time of this publication, whole-genome sequencing of BTV-6 isolates in the Western U.S.

SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in a veterinary health system provides insight into transmission risks.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and seropositivity of SARS-CoV-2 in companion and exotic animals in a veterinary healthcare system.

Sample: A total of 341 animals were sampled by a combination of oral and nasal swabs. Serum from whole blood was collected from a subset of animals (86 canines, 25 felines, and 6 exotic animals).

Inferring cellular and molecular processes in single-cell data with non-negative matrix factorization using Python, R and GenePattern Notebook implementations of CoGAPS.

Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is an unsupervised learning method well suited to high-throughput biology. However, inferring biological processes from an NMF result still requires additional post hoc statistics and annotation for interpretation of learned features. Here, we introduce a suite of computational tools that implement NMF and provide methods for accurate and clear biological interpretation and analysis.

In Situ Hybridization (RNAscope) Detection of Bluetongue Virus Serotypes 10 and 17 in Experimentally Co-Infected .

Bluetongue virus (BTV) is a segmented, double-stranded RNA virus transmitted by biting midges. Infection of domestic and wild ruminants with BTV can result in a devastating disease and significant economic losses. As a virus with a segmented genome, reassortment among the BTV serotypes that have co-infected a host may increase genetic diversity, which can alter BTV transmission dynamics and generate epizootic events.

A Suite of Designed Protein Cages Using Machine Learning Algorithms and Protein Fragment-Based Protocols.

Designed protein cages and related materials provide unique opportunities for applications in biotechnology and medicine, while methods for their creation remain challenging and unpredictable. In the present study, we apply new computational approaches to design a suite of new tetrahedrally symmetric, self-assembling protein cages. For the generation of docked poses, we emphasize a protein fragment-based approach, while for interface design, a comparison of computational protocols highlights the power and increased experimental success achieved using the machine learning program ProteinMPNN.

Culicoides-borne Orbivirus epidemiology in a changing climate.

Orbiviruses are of significant importance to the health of wildlife and domestic animals worldwide; the major orbiviruses transmitted by multiple biting midge (Culicoides) species include bluetongue virus, epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus, and African horse sickness virus. The viruses, insect vectors, and hosts are anticipated to be impacted by global climate change, altering established Orbivirus epidemiology. Changes in global climate have the potential to alter the vector competence and extrinsic incubation period of certain biting midge species, affect local and long-distance dispersal dynamics, lead to range expansion in the geographic distribution of vector species, and increase transmission period duration (earlier spring onset and later fall transmission).

An N-acetyltransferase required for ESAT-6 N-terminal acetylation and virulence in .

N-terminal acetylation is a protein modification that broadly impacts basic cellular function and disease in higher organisms. Although bacterial proteins are N-terminally acetylated, little is understood how N-terminal acetylation impacts bacterial physiology and pathogenesis. Mycobacterial pathogens cause acute and chronic disease in humans and in animals.

Quantifying the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Passenger Vehicle Drivers' Willingness to Pay for Travel Time Savings and Reliability.

The COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally disrupted travel behavior and consumer preferences. To slow the spread of the virus, public health officials and state and local governments issued stay-at-home orders and, among other actions, closed nonessential businesses and educational facilities. The resulting recessionary effects have been particularly acute for U.

Role of Spillover and Spillback in SARS-CoV-2 Transmission and the Importance of One Health in Understanding the Dynamics of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is notable both for its impact on global public health as well as its well-publicized transmissibility to other species of animals. Infection of incidental animal hosts is concerning because of possible emergence of novel variants due to viral mutation. Species that are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 include domestic and nondomestic cats, domestic dogs, white-tailed deer, mink, and golden hamsters, among others.

Comparing the Effectiveness of Phacoemulsification + Endoscopic Cyclophotocoagulation Laser versus Phacoemulsification Alone for the Treatment of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma in Patients with Cataract (CONCEPT): Study Methodology.

Objective: To describe the methodology of the Comparing the Effectiveness of Phacoemulsification + Endoscopic Cyclophotocoagulation Laser and Phacoemulsification Alone for the Treatment of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma in Patients with Cataract (CONCEPT) study, a randomized controlled trial.

Design: Double-masked, randomized controlled trial.

Subjects, Participants, And/or Controls: Participants will be recruited from 5 United Kingdom-based centers.

Modeling cellular co-infection and reassortment of bluetongue virus in midges.

When related segmented RNA viruses co-infect a single cell, viral reassortment can occur, potentially leading to new strains with pandemic potential. One virus capable of reassortment is bluetongue virus (BTV), which causes substantial health impacts in ruminants and is transmitted via midges. Because midges can become co-infected by feeding on multiple different host species and remain infected for their entire life span, there is a high potential for reassortment to occur.

Secondary pigmentary glaucoma following cosmetic laser treatment to alter iris colour.

Cosmetic alteration of iris colour with implants, along with its secondary complications, is already well described in the literature. However the use of cosmetic iris laser is relatively novel. We report on a rare case of bilateral secondary pigmentary glaucoma, in a young patient who underwent such a treatment to cause a change in iris pigmentation.

Forced Disorder in the Solid Solution LiP-LiS: A New Class of Fully Reduced Solid Electrolytes for Lithium Metal Anodes.

All-solid-state batteries based on non-combustible solid electrolytes are promising candidates for safe energy storage systems. In addition, they offer the opportunity to utilize metallic lithium as an anode. However, it has proven to be a challenge to design an electrolyte that combines high ionic conductivity and processability with thermodynamic stability toward lithium.

Increased and Expression Correlate with Disease in Rodent Models Experimentally Infected with Modoc Virus.

Flaviviruses present an ongoing threat to global public health, although the factors that contribute to the disease remain incompletely understood. We examined an acute Modoc virus (MODV) infection of two rodent models. Viral RNA was detected in the kidneys, spleen, liver, brain, urine, and sera of experimentally infected deer mice, a reservoir host of MODV, and Syrian hamsters, a known disease model.

Phacoemulsification combined with micropulse cyclodiode laser in glaucoma patients: efficacy and safety.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of phacoemulsification combined with Micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (MP-TSCPC) in glaucoma patients.

Methods: This is a retrospective case-note review. The participants were adult patients with diagnoses of glaucoma and cataract who required a further reduction in IOP or a reduction in the number of glaucoma drops.