Metabolites and MRI-Derived Markers of AD/ADRD Risk in a Puerto Rican Cohort.

Objective: Several studies have examined metabolomic profiles in relation to Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (AD/ADRD) risk; however, few studies have focused on minorities, such as Latinos, or examined Magnetic-Resonance Imaging (MRI)-based outcomes.

Methods: We used multiple linear regression, adjusted for covariates, to examine the association between metabolite concentration and MRI-derived brain age deviation. Metabolites were measured at baseline with untargeted metabolomic profiling (Metabolon, Inc).

Corrigendum: APOE4 allele-specific associations between diet, multimodal biomarkers, and cognition among Puerto Rican adults in Massachusetts.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.

APOE4 allele-specific associations between diet, multimodal biomarkers, and cognition among Puerto Rican adults in Massachusetts.

Background: Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is the strongest genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's Disease (AD), and the ε4 allele (APOE4) may interact with lifestyle factors that relate to brain structural changes, underlying the increased risk of AD. However, the exact role of APOE4 in mediating interactions between the peripheral circulatory system and the central nervous system, and how it may link to brain and cognitive aging requires further elucidation. In this analysis, we investigated the association between APOE4 carrier status and multimodal biomarkers (diet, blood markers, clinical diagnosis, brain structure, and cognition) in the context of gene-environment interactions.

Association between inflammation, lipopolysaccharide binding protein, and gut microbiota composition in a New Hampshire Bhutanese refugee population with a high burden of type 2 diabetes.

Introduction: South Asian refugees experience a high risk of obesity and diabetes yet are often underrepresented in studies on chronic diseases and their risk factors. The gut microbiota and gut permeability, as assessed through circulating lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), may underlie the link between chronic inflammation and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The composition of the gut microbiota varies according to multiple factors including demographics, migration, and dietary patterns, particularly fiber intake.

Red meat consumption, incident CVD and the influence of dietary quality in the Jackson Heart Study.

Objectives: We investigated the prospective associations between meat consumption and CVD and whether these relationships differ by dietary quality among African American (AA) adults.

Design: Baseline diet was assessed with a regionally specific FFQ. Unprocessed red meat included beef and pork (120 g/serving); processed meat included sausage, luncheon meats and cured meat products (50 g/serving).

Bioavailability of phosphorus and kidney function in the Jackson Heart Study.

Background: High phosphorus (P) exposure may have negative effects on kidney function. Nutrient databases provide total P, but bioavailability varies by source.

Objectives: We aimed to assess natural, added, and bioavailable P intake, and to relate these to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS).

Association of Diabetes and Hypertension With Brain Structural Integrity and Cognition in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study Cohort.

Background And Objectives: The Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (BPRHS) is a longitudinal study following self-identified Puerto Rican older adults living in the Greater Boston area. Studies have shown higher prevalence of hypertension (HTN) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) within this ethnic group compared to age-matched non-Hispanic White adults. In this study, we investigated the associations of HTN and T2D comorbidity on brain structural integrity and cognitive capacity in community-dwelling Puerto Rican adults and compared these measures with older adult participants (non-Hispanic White and Hispanic) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) databases.

Associations between dietary fatty acid patterns and cognitive function in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Our objective was to quantify the cross-sectional associations between dietary fatty acid (DFA) patterns and cognitive function among Hispanic/Latino adults. This study included data from 8942 participants of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, a population-based cohort study (weighted age 56·2 years and proportion female 55·2 %). The National Cancer Institute method was used to estimate dietary intake from two 24-h recalls.

The Association of Stress, Metabolic Syndrome, and Systemic Inflammation With Neurocognitive Function in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos and Its Sociocultural Ancillary Study.

Objectives: Identifying sociocultural correlates of neurocognitive dysfunction among Hispanics/Latinos, and their underlying biological pathways, is crucial for understanding disparities in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. We examined cross-sectional associations between stress and neurocognition, and the role that metabolic syndrome (MetS) and systemic inflammation might play in these associations.

Method: Participants included 3,045 adults aged 45-75 (56% female, education 0-20+ years, 86% Spanish-speaking, 23% U.

Dietary Patterns, Ceramide Ratios, and Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: The Framingham Offspring Study.

Background: Prior evidence suggests that diet modifies the association of blood ceramides with the risk of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD). It remains unknown if diet quality modifies the association of very long-chain-to-long-chain ceramide ratios with mortality in the community.

Objectives: Our objectives were to determine how healthy dietary patterns associate with blood ceramide concentrations and to examine if healthy dietary patterns modify associations of ceramide ratios (C22:0/C16:0 and C24:0/C16:0) with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.

Circulating Plasma Metabolites and Cognitive Function in a Puerto Rican Cohort.

Background: Minorities, including mainland Puerto Ricans, are impacted disproportionally by Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia, and cognitive decline. Studying blood metabolomics in this population has the potential to probe the biological underpinnings of this health disparity.

Objective: We performed a comprehensive analysis of circulating plasma metabolites in relation to cognitive function in 736 participants from the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (BPRHS) who underwent untargeted mass-spectrometry based metabolomics analysis and had undergone a battery of in-person cognitive testing at baseline.

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, Mediterranean, and Alternative Healthy Eating indices are associated with bone health among Puerto Rican adults from the Boston Puerto Rican Osteoporosis Study.

Background: Conflicting results on associations between dietary quality and bone have been noted across populations, and this has been understudied in Puerto Ricans, a population at higher risk of osteoporosis than previously appreciated.

Objective: To compare cross-sectional associations between 3 dietary quality indices [Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Alternative Health Eating Index (AHEI-2010), and Mediterranean Diet Score (MeDS)] with bone outcomes.

Method: Participants (n = 865-896) from the Boston Puerto Rican Osteoporosis Study (BPROS) with complete bone and dietary data were included.

Dietary Intake and Its Determinants Among Adults Living in the Metropolitan Area of Puerto Rico.

There is scarce information regarding the dietary intake of adults living in Puerto Rico (PR). We aimed to assess intake of nutrients and foods, adherence to recommended intake of nutrients and diet quality, and sociodemographic and lifestyle factors correlated with diet quality among adults in the San Juan metropolitan area of PR. Data were obtained from participants of the cross-sectional convenience-sample Puerto Rico Assessment of Diet, Lifestyle, and Diseases ( = 248; ages 30-75 years).

The Mediterranean Diet and 2-Year Change in Cognitive Function by Status of Type 2 Diabetes and Glycemic Control.

Objective: To determine associations of a Mediterranean diet score (MeDS) with 2-year change in cognitive function by type 2 diabetes and glycemic control status and contrast it against other diet quality scores.

Research Design And Methods: We used data from the longitudinal Boston Puerto Rican Health Study ( = 913; 42.6% with type 2 diabetes at 2 years).

Prospective Associations of Erythrocyte Composition and Dietary Intake of -3 and -6 PUFA with Measures of Cognitive Function.

Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) consumption is recommended as part of a healthy diet, but evidence of the impact of individual species and biological concentrations on cognitive function is limited. We examined prospective associations of PUFA erythrocyte composition and dietary intake with measures of cognitive function among participants of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (aged 57 years). Erythrocyte and dietary PUFA composition were ascertained at baseline and associated with 2-year scores on the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) ( = 1032) and cognitive domain patterns derived from a battery of tests ( = 865), as well as with incidence of cognitive impairment.

The Mediterranean Diet Score Is More Strongly Associated with Favorable Cardiometabolic Risk Factors over 2 Years Than Other Diet Quality Indexes in Puerto Rican Adults.

Multiple diet quality scores have been used to evaluate adherence to specific dietary recommendations or to consumption of healthful foods and nutrients. It remains unknown which score can more strongly predict longitudinal changes in cardiometabolic risk factors. We aimed to determine associations of 5 diet quality scores [AHA diet score (AHA-DS), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2005, Mediterranean diet score (MeDS), and Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI)] with 2-y changes in cardiometabolic risk factors in adults 45-75 y old.

Nutritional status and feeding practices in gastrointestinal surgery patients at Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Background And Objectives: The nutritional status and hospital feeding practices of surgical patients in Vietnam are not well documented. Based on a cross-sectional study at Bach Mai Hospital (BMH), the prevalence of malnutrition was found to be 33% in the surgical ward using a body mass index (BMI<18.5 kg/m(2).

The Omega-3 Index Is Inversely Associated with Depressive Symptoms among Individuals with Elevated Oxidative Stress Biomarkers.

Background: Omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid (FA) consumption is thought to improve depressive symptoms. However, current evidence is limited, and whether this association exists among Puerto Ricans, a population burdened by depression, remains uncertain.

Objectives: We examined the association between ω-3 FA biomarkers and depressive symptoms as well as the potential influence of oxidative stress.

Associations of erythrocyte fatty acid patterns with insulin resistance.

Background: Synergistic or additive effects or both on cardiometabolic risk may be missed by examining individual fatty acids (FAs). A pattern analysis may be a more useful approach. In addition, it remains unclear whether erythrocyte FA composition relates to insulin resistance among Hispanics/Latinos.

Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and central and total adiposity in older children: a prospective study accounting for dietary reporting errors.

Objective: To determine the prospective relationship between changes in sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake and central adiposity in older children.

Design: Dietary intakes of children were obtained by 3 d food records at ages 10 and 13 years. Waist circumference (WC) and weight and height to determine BMI were measured at 10 and 13 years and total body fat mass (TBFM) at 13 years by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Antiangiogenic actions of vascular endothelial growth factor-A165b, an inhibitory isoform of vascular endothelial growth factor-A, in human obesity.

Background: Experimental studies suggest that visceral adiposity and adipose tissue dysfunction play a central role in obesity-related cardiometabolic complications. Impaired angiogenesis in fat has been implicated in the development of adipose tissue hypoxia, capillary rarefaction, inflammation, and metabolic dysregulation, but pathophysiological mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we examined the role of a novel antiangiogenic isoform of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), VEGF-A165b, in human obesity.

The influence of pericardial fat upon left ventricular function in obese females: evidence of a site-specific effect.

Background: Although increased volume of pericardial fat has been associated with decreased cardiac function, it is unclear whether this association is mediated by systemic overall obesity or direct regional fat interactions. We hypothesized that if local effects dominate, left ventricular (LV) function would be most strongly associated with pericardial fat that surrounds the left rather than the right ventricle (RV).

Methods: Female obese subjects (n = 60) had cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) scans to obtain measures of LV function and pericardial fat volumes.

Dairy intakes at age 10 years do not adversely affect risk of excess adiposity at 13 years.

Evidence of an association between milk intake and childhood adiposity remains inconsistent, with few data available regarding the effects of the amount of dairy fat consumed. This study examined the relation between dairy consumption (total, full, and reduced fat) at age 10 y on risk of excess adiposity at age 13 y in participants of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC; n = 2455). Intakes were assessed by 3-d dietary records.

Insulin resistance: a key therapeutic target for cardiovascular risk reduction in obese patients?

The global obesity epidemic has emerged as one of the most important health care problems worldwide. Insulin resistance represents a prevalent pathophysiological abnormality that underlies mechanisms of cardiometabolic disease associated with obesity. Increasing basic, animal, and clinical data support a mechanistic link between insulin resistance and vascular dysfunction, and suggest that improving insulin sensitivity may represent a therapeutic target for combating atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.

Insulin status and vascular responses to weight loss in obesity.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine whether the effects of weight loss on arterial function are differentially modified by insulin status.

Background: Clinical studies suggest that plasma insulin levels may predict the extent of cardiovascular benefit achieved with weight loss in obese individuals, but mechanisms are currently unknown.

Methods: We prospectively followed 208 overweight or obese patients (body mass index [BMI] ≥25 kg/m(2)) receiving medical/dietary (48%) or bariatric surgical (52%) weight-loss treatment during a median period of 11.