Colistin Dependence in Extensively Drug-Resistant Strain Is Associated with IS and IS Insertions and Multiple Cellular Responses.

The nosocomial opportunistic Gram-negative bacterial pathogen is resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents and an emerging global health problem. The polymyxin antibiotic colistin, targeting the negatively charged lipid A component of the lipopolysaccharide on the bacterial cell surface, is often considered as the last-resort treatment, but resistance to colistin is unfortunately increasing worldwide. Notably, colistin-susceptible can also develop a colistin dependence after exposure to this drug in vitro.