Effect of implant loading protocols and associated factors on the success rate of implant therapy: A retrospective clinical study.

Statement Of Problem: Although immediate implant loading has shown promising clinical results and high survival rates, an increased risk of implant failure and complications has been reported. Achieving consistently predictable outcomes with this approach remains a challenge, but evidence-based guidelines to assist in selecting suitable patients are lacking.

Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective clinical study was to investigate the success rate, survival rate, and complications of immediate implant loading compared with early and delayed loading.

Evaluation of enamel wear by 3 occlusal splint materials: An in vitro study.

Statement Of Problem: Occlusal devices used to manage bruxism have been commonly fabricated from polymethyl methacrylate with the powder-liquid technique. More recently, Vertex ThermoSens (VTS) and the biocompatible high-performance polymer (BioHPP), an optimized material having polyetheretherketone (PEEK) as its basis, have been used, but little is known about the wear of these materials on human enamel.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess via a mastication simulation test how 3 occlusal device materials affected the wear and roughness of enamel antagonists.

Risk Factors with Porcelain Laminate Veneers Experienced during Cementation: A Review.

The clinical success of porcelain laminate veneers (PLVs) depends on many clinical and technical factors, from planning to execution, among which adhesive cementation is of significant importance. This procedure carries many risk factors if not optimally executed. The objective of this study was to document the clinical parameters affecting successful cementation procedures with a focus on the adhesive strength, integrity, and esthetics of the PLVs.

Simulating mandibular movements and articulator design.

Establishing new dentition and occlusal schemes requires a thorough understanding of the principles of occlusion, mandibular movements, phonetics, and esthetics. This presentation is designed to help understand the dynamics of mandibular movements, form and function of the dentition, occlusal schemes, patient simulation, and the interaction of those factors on occlusal rehabilitation. Special emphasis is laid upon articulator design and the current innovations utilizing digital technology in the development of this instrument from an articulator to a patient simulator.

The patient-specific anatomical articulator.

Currently available dental articulators have limitations for reproducing human mandibular movements. The present article describes an innovative device that is a true patient-specific anatomical articulator that accurately simulates patient anatomy and eliminates all technique-sensitive mounting procedures, thus substantially diminishing potential errors in mounting and articulator settings. By using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, patient cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) data are used to print 3D replicas of the condylar fossae, as well as the actual condyles, at the correct intercondylar distance.

Radiographic Appearance of Interocclusal Record Materials for Cone Beam Computed Tomography-Guided Implant Surgeries.

Purpose: To select an ideal interocclusal record material for cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)-guided implant surgery based on the material's radiodensity on the scan.

Materials And Methods: Twelve commonly used interocclusal record materials were used for this investigation: two were waxes, one was polyether, and nine were polyvinyl-siloxane-type materials. A scan template was fabricated by duplicating existing dentures in Ortho-Jet acrylic resin mixed with 30% barium powder for the teeth and 10% barium powder for the denture base between the teeth and the tissue.

Radiographic Blind Test of Curvature of the Posterior Border of the Mandibular Ramus as a Morphological Indicator of Gender.

Purpose: Curvature of the posterior border of the mandibular ramus at the occlusal plane has been described as a morphological trait for males. Controversy over the accuracy of this method remains among researchers; studies employing similar methods report accuracy rates for successful gender identification ranging from 59% to 99%. This blind study assessed evaluators' ability to determine gender based on the presence or absence of curvature of the posterior margin of the mandibular ramus through panoramic radiographs.

Kinematic Modeling of Normal Voluntary Mandibular Opening and Closing Velocity-Initial Study.

Purpose: Determination and quantification of voluntary mandibular velocity movement has not been a thoroughly studied parameter of masticatory movement. This study attempted to objectively define kinematics of mandibular movement based on numerical (digital) analysis of the relations and interactions of velocity diagram records in healthy female individuals.

Materials And Methods: Using a computerized mandibular scanner (K7 Evaluation Software), 72 diagrams of voluntary mandibular velocity movements (36 for opening, 36 for closing) for women with clinically normal motor and functional activities of the masticatory system were recorded.

Mandibular function after Myorelaxation Therapy in temporomandibular disorders.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of Myorelaxation Therapy in temporomandibular disorders on the basis of mandibular movement measurements, reported functional impairment and clinical findings.

Material/methods: To ascertain the mandibular movements 78 women were investigated. The first group consisted of 32 consecutive patients (23.

Porcelain thickness and cement shade effects on the colour and translucency of porcelain veneering materials.

Objective: Purposes of this in vitro study include evaluating colour changes in combinations of feldspathic porcelain and cement resulting from different thicknesses of porcelain and different shades of composite luting agent, and evaluating relative translucency parameter (RTP) values.

Materials And Methods: Porcelain discs of shade A1 at nominal thicknesses of 0.5 and 1.

Optical characteristics of contemporary dental composite resin materials.

Objectives: Optical and physical properties of dental restorative composite materials are affected by composition. Basic optical absorption and scattering properties have been derived through the use of a corrected reflectance model, but practical and important optical properties are not easily derived from these basic spectral characteristics. The purposes of this study are to derive and compare colour and translucency characteristics of two cured contemporary nanohybrid composites being marketed as universal composites, and to evaluate colour difference between each composite material and published shade guide data.

Accuracy of Kubelka-Munk reflectance theory for dental resin composite material.

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the effect of interfacial reflection correction (IRC) on the accuracy of this reflectance model for contemporary dental resin composite materials.

Methods: Visible reflectance spectra were obtained for varying thicknesses (∼0.3-1.

Effect of bleaching on tooth discolouration from food colourant in vitro.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of bleaching on tooth discolouration from neutral food colourant media (NFCM).

Methods: Freshly extracted human molar teeth (n = 32) were divided into four groups (n = 8): non-bleached treatment-NBT, non-bleached control-NBC, bleached treatment-BT and bleached control-BC. Bleached teeth specimens were subjected to 20% carbamide peroxide bleaching agent for 10h.

Effect of substrate shades on the color of ceramic laminate veneers.

Statement Of Problem: Ceramic laminate veneers are generally fabricated with varying thicknesses ranging from 0.3 to 1 mm, depending on the need to mask discolored teeth or slightly correct the contour of malpositioned teeth. Clinical color reproduction poses a challenge because of color interaction with the underlying substrate, whether tooth structure or esthetic restorative material.

Effect of pH on tooth discoloration from food colorant in vitro.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of acidic, neutral and alkaline food colorant media (FCM) on tooth discoloration in vitro.

Methods: Treatment (n=24) and control (n=24) sterile, hydrated human molars were prepared in individual, impervious holders and their color measured (pretest) using a non-contact spectroradiometer system. Specimens were randomly assigned to and immersed in one of the three buffer solutions (pH 2, pH 7 or pH 12).

A simplified technique for creating a customized gingival emergence profile for implant-supported crowns.

A successful implant restoration is one that will allow adequate function and esthetics. Soft-tissue management around implant-supported restorations continues to present a considerable challenge for the restoring dentist as well as the laboratory technician while fabricating the final prosthesis. This article presents a simplified and economical technique to direct gingival tissue healing, as well as create a removable gingival replica of the customized gingival emergence profile.

Effect of home bleaching systems on enamel nanohardness and elastic modulus.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nanohardness and elastic modulus of human enamel after treatment with tray and strip bleaching systems.

Methods: Fifty-five human enamel samples were exposed to five different bleaching agents. Nanoindentations were made before and after bleaching treatments following the manufacturer's directions using a Nanoindenter XP (MTS Systems Corporation, Oak Ridge, TN, USA).

Effect of mixing methods on the physical properties of dental stones.

Objectives: This in vitro comparative study evaluated the effect of different stone mixing methods on material properties of four dental stones. Two ADA type IV stones (Silky-Rock and Snap-Stone), one type V high expansion stone (Die Keen), and one recently introduced type V specialty stone (HandiMix) were chosen for this study.

Methods: Forty cylindrical specimens (25 mm x 12.

Comparative study of the transverse strength of three denture base materials.

Objectives: Fracture resistance of recently introduced denture base resins has not been compared to traditional denture base materials. This study compared the transverse strength of three denture base materials, namely, Lucitone 199, Triad VLC, and the newly introduced Eclipse.

Materials And Methods: A total of 30 specimens (50mmx25mmx2.

Bond strengths of one- and two-step self-etch adhesive systems.

Statement Of Problem: One-bottle self-etching adhesives have been introduced that combine the etchant, primer, and adhesive into a single bottle in an effort to reduce the number of bonding steps. Limited research has been conducted comparing the efficacy of 1-bottle and 2-bottle self-etching adhesives.

Purpose: This investigation evaluated the microtensile bond strength (MTBS) of 3 one-step self-etching adhesives, 2 two-step self-etching adhesives, and a total-etch adhesive.

Effect of esthetic core shades on the final color of IPS Empress all-ceramic crowns.

Statement Of Problem: Clinically relevant assessment of all-ceramic crowns supported by esthetic composite resin foundations has not been evaluated with regard to color reproducibility.

Purpose: This in vitro study quantitatively evaluated the influence of different shades of composite resin foundations and resin cement on the final color of a leucite-reinforced all-ceramic material.

Material And Methods: A total of 128 disks were fabricated; 64 (20 x 1 mm) were made of all-ceramic material (IPS Empress) and 64 (20 x 4 mm) of 4 different shades composite resin (Tetric Ceram).