Nigrostriatal dopamine depletion promoted an increase in inhibitory markers (parvalbumin, GAD67, VGAT) and cold allodynia.

Pain constitutes the major non-motor symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD). Its mechanism is still poorly understood although an increase in excitation or a decrease in inhibition have been reported in preclinical studies. The aim of this study was to investigate gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibition in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) PD rat model.

Effect of caffeinated energy drinks on the structure of hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 and dentate gyrus of adult male albino rats.

Energy drinks are available worldwide and frequently consumed to increase energy level and compensate lack of sleep. Energy drinks consumers aim to improve their cognitive functions. Red Bull is the most popular energy drink consumed in Egypt.