Inhibition of adenosine 3':k'-monophosphate accumulation white fat acids, lactate, and beta-hydroxybutyrate.

The large increase in cyclic AMP accumulation by rat white fat cells seen in the presence of lipolytic agents plus methylxanthines and adenosine deaminase was markedly inhibited by lactate. However, lipolysis was unaffected by lactate. Octanoate, hexanoate, heptanoate, and beta-hydroxybutyrate inhibited both cyclic AMP accumulation and lipolysis by rat fat cells.

Development of the Canadian Home Fitness Test.

The Canadian Home Fitness Test is a self-administered procedure in which the participant steps at an age- and sex-specific rhythm controlled by recorded music, then palpates the pulse immediately following activity. Validation of the test has shown a correlation of 0.72 with the results of a standard submaximum bicycle ergometer test, while the directly measured maximum oxygen intake is correlated even more closely (r = 0.

Maximum exercise tests on "postcoronary" patients.

The maximum oxygen intake has been measured directly (uphill treadmill walking) in 36 patients following recovery from myocardial infarction. These were selected as follows: 15 consecutive new entrants to an exercise program that is currently accepting about one-sixth of the total reported myocardial infarction hospital admissions in metropolitan Toronto (group A), 12 patients not responding well to training (group B), and 9 patients now running substantial distances (group C). The only clinical complications were two episodes of ventricular tachycardia.

Some reactions to a dry-land training programme for dinghy sailors.

A dry-land winter training programme for dinghy-sailors is described. Individual elements include circuit training, specific exercises for muscle strength and endurance, and distance running. Ten international-class sailors followed a progressive regimen of this type for 14 weeks after completion of the 1973 season.

Attitudes towards health and physical activity in the elderly. Effects of a physical training program.

Attitudes towards physical activity, perceived health, body image, anxiety and life satisfaction have been studied in men and women 60 years of age and older, volunteering for progressive endurance training. Relative to other studies of younger volunteers, the senior citizens placed more value upon activity as "an esthetic experience" and as "a means to health and fitness" showing less interest in "the pursuit of vertigo." Many non-participants and "drop-outs" perceived their current fitness as satisfactory.

Attitudes towards health and physical activity in the elderly. Effects of a physical training program.

Attitudes towards physical activity, perceived health, body image, anxiety and life satisfaction have been studied in men and women 60 years of age and older, volunteering for progressive endurance training. Relative to other studies of younger volunteers, the senior citizens placed more value upon activity as "an esthetic experience" and as "a means to health and fitness" showing less interest in "the pursuit of vertigo." Many non-participants and "drop-outs" perceived their current fitness as satisfactory.

A controlled prospective study of the effect of endurance training on the recurrence rate of myocardial infarction. A description of the experimental design.

A multicenter prospective study has been designed to determine whether participation in an exercise program which produces a significant training effect will affect the recurrence rate in men who have survived an initial myocardial infarction. The control group consists of subjects who participate in a program involving low intensity activities designed to avoid a significant training effect. The subjects will be followed for a period of 4 years and a reduction of 50 per cent in the risk of recurrence will be considered clinically significant.

Physical exercise and post-coronary rehabilitation.

Evidence of an appropriate intensity of exercise for post-coronary rehabilitation is drawn from observations on normal subjects and studies of primary and secondary prevention. Available information suggests a need for intense activity, but unfortunately findings are far from conclusive. The Toronto Rehabilitation Centre programs of continuous and interval training, and of hypnosis, are described.

Perspective on air pollution: the canadian scene.

Despite the large ratio of land mass to population, Canada has significant air pollution problems, some being due to our cold climate, the long arctic nights, and a mineral-based economy. Routes of intoxication include the respiration of polluted air and the secondary contamination of food and water. Although pollution is often measured in terms of industrial emissions, the physician must be concerned rather with the dose of pollutants to which the individual is exposed.

Depression after myocardial infarction.

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory was completed by 101 patients 16 to 18 months after a proved myocardial infarction. The data suggested a bimodal distribution of patients. One class of patients had a relatively "normal" personality score apart from a tendency to hypomania.

Exercise responses following ozone exposure.

We have tested the response of 28 subjects to a three-stage ergometer test, with loads adjusted to 45, 60, and 75% of maximum aerobic power following ozone exposure. The subjects were exposed to one of 0.37, 0.

Efficiency of muscular work: some clinical implications.

The concept of mechanical efficiency is briefly reviewed. Biochemical considerations set a maximum potential efficiency of 25 percent, but, in some instances, storage of energy in elastic tissue may yield a higher apparent efficiency. Comparisons of efficiency between normal and handicapped individuals can be made in terms of the oxygen cost of specific activities, or, if due regard is paid to the effects of the primary disease, the simpler indexes of pulse rate and ventilation may be used.

Respiratory gas exchange ratio and prediction of aerobic power.

The Issekutz procedure for the prediction of maximum oxygen intake from the respiratory exchange ratio (R) has been evaluated on a diverse group of 308 subjects, including "whites" and Eskimos, men and women ranging in age from 16 to 65 yr. When applied to young white men performing 12 min of progressive step or treadmill exercise, the prediction procedure has a coefficient of variation of less than 10%, without systematic error. Unfortunately, the standard equation lacks generality, and erroneous predictions can arise from a change of test protocol, the use of a different exercise modality, or application to older subjects.

Carbon monoxide in the urban atmosphere: hazards to the pedestrian and the street-worker.

The carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations encountered by pedestrians and workers in the streets of a large metropolis were monitored by a reliable and sensitive portable detector (the Ecolyzer). Up to 1,000 observations per day were collected for several months during the summer and fall of 1973. The CO levels ranged from 10 to 50 ppm (varying with wind speed and direction, atmospheric stability, traffic density, and the height of nearby buildings).

Conditioning of postcoronary patients: comparison of continuous and interval training.

Interval training is theoretically attractive as a means of training the postcoronary patient, since by appropriate choice of exercise and recovery intervals substantial cardiac training can be achieved without the accumulation of anaerobic metabolities and associated increases of blood pressure and cardiac work load. Six patients with frequent exercise-induced anginal attacks coped well with a program based upon running or jogging (1/2 to 1 minute) followed by 1 to 1-1/2 minutes of slow walking. Despite a poor previous response to several months of continuous training, they showed a substantial gain of aerobic power with one year on the interval regimen.

The influences of race and environment on ischemic heart disease.

Certain "primitive" peoples such as traditional-living nomadic Eskimos have as yet been spared from the current epidemic of ischemic heart disease. A review of risk factors for underdeveloped populations suggests that environment rather than constitution is responsible. Favourable factors include the absence of overeating, a substantial level of of physical activity, only recent acquisition of the cigarette habit and absence of competitiveness.