Anti-Toxoplasma gondii effect of tylosin in vitro and in vivo.

Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an important protozoan pathogen with medical and veterinary importance worldwide. Drugs currently used for treatment of toxoplasmosis are less effective and sometimes cause serious side effects. There is an urgent need for the development of more effective drugs with relatively low toxicity.

Upregulation of lncRNA147410.3 in the Brain of Mice With Chronic Infection Promoted Microglia Apoptosis by Regulating Hoxb3.

is neurotropic and affects the function of nerve cells, while the mechanism is unclear. LncRNAs are abundantly enriched in the brain and participated in the delicate regulation of the central nervous system (CNS) development. However, whether these lncRNAs are involved in the regulation of microglia activation during the process of infection is largely unknown.

Downregulation of lncRNA-11496 in the Brain Contributes to Microglia Apoptosis Regulation of Mef2c in Chronic Infection Mice.

Though it is well known that chronic infections of () can induce mental and behavioral disorders in the host, little is known about the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in this pathological process. In this study, we employed an advanced lncRNAs and mRNAs integration chip (Affymetrix HTA 2.0) to detect the expression of both lncRNAs and mRNAs in Chinese 1 strain infected mouse brain.

miRNA and circRNA expression patterns in mouse brain during toxoplasmosis development.

Background: Increasing evidence has shown that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in neurodegenerative disorders, but their roles in neurological toxoplasmosis are yet to know. This study examined miRNA and circRNA expressions in mouse brain following oral infection with T. gondii Pru strain.

Molecular Detection of in the Slaughter Sheep and Goats from Shandong Province, Eastern China.

It is generally recognized that sheep are susceptible to and play a very important role in the transmission of toxoplasmosis to humans. In China, sheep toxoplasmosis has been reported in some regions based on serological investigations. However, little is known about sheep toxoplasmosis in Shandong province, eastern China.

L-Tryptophan represses persister formation via inhibiting bacterial motility and promoting antibiotics absorption.

The bacterial persisters have emerged as a huge threat to human health. Here, we investigated the role of L-tryptophan in bacterial persister killing by aminoglycoside antibiotics (AGs). The relevance to the antibiotic susceptibility of including transcriptional sequencing, gene expression, intracellular ATP, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD/NADH), reactive oxygen species and membrane depolarization were determined.

Immunogenicity of a Virus-Like-Particle Vaccine Containing Multiple Antigenic Epitopes of Against Acute and Chronic Toxoplasmosis in Mice.

There is no effective protective vaccine against human toxoplasmosis, which is a potential threat to nearly a third of the world population. Vaccines based on virus-like particles (VLPs) have been highly successful in humans for many years, but have rarely been applied against infection. In this study, we inserted a B cell epitope (SAG1 or SAG1), a CD8 cell epitope (HF10 or ROP7), and a CD4 cell epitope (AS15) of into a truncated HBc(amino acids1-149) particle to construct four chimeric VLP vaccine formulations, i.

From inflammatory reactions to neurotransmitter changes: Implications for understanding the neurobehavioral changes in mice chronically infected with Toxoplasma gondii.

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that can cause a latent infection in the central nervous system, leading to neurobehavioral abnormalities in the host. However, the mechanism underlying these changes remains relatively unexplored. In this study, we detected behavioral changes, pathological injury, secretion of neurotransmitters and related signal pathway in mice infected by T.

Chitosan Microsphere Used as an Effective System to Deliver a Linked Antigenic Peptides Vaccine Protect Mice Against Acute and Chronic .

Multiple antigenic peptide (MAP) vaccines have advantages over traditional vaccines, but are more susceptible to enzymatic degradation. As an effective delivery system, chitosan microspheres (CS) can overcome this obstacle and act as a natural adjuvant to promote T helper 1 (Th1) cellular immune responses. In this study, we use chitosan microparticles to deliver multiple antigenic epitopes from GRA10 (G10E), containing three dominant epitopes.

Structural predication and antigenic analysis of Toxoplasma gondii ROP20.

Toxoplasma gondii infects almost all the warm-blooded animals. ROP20 protein is expressed in the rhoptry of Toxoplasma gondii. In this study, the secondary structure of ROP20 was analyzed using SMART software.

Exosomes derived from Toxoplasma gondii stimulate an inflammatory response through JNK signaling pathway.

Aim: Exosomes are nanoscale membranous vesicles secreted by most cell types able to transfer bioactive molecules among cells, which play crucial roles in intercellular communication. We characterized the exosomes derived from Toxoplasma gondii and detected the immune response in macrophages.

Methods: We used transmission electron microscopy, nanotracking analysis and western blotting to identify T.

Characterization of exosomes derived from and their functions in modulating immune responses.

Introduction: Exosomes are nanograde membrane-bound vesicles secreted from most cell types through the fusion of multivesicular bodies with plasma membranes. Some of these exosomes are well defined, and are known to have immunomodulatory properties as well as play critical roles in intercellular communications. In this study, we characterized the exosomes derived from and their functions in aspect of immune responses.

Serum Metabolic Profiling of Oocyst-Induced Acute and Chronic Infections in Mice Using Mass-Spectrometry.

is an obligate intracellular parasite causing severe diseases in immunocompromised individuals and congenitally infected neonates, such as encephalitis and chorioretinitis. This study aimed to determine whether serum metabolic profiling can (i) identify metabolites associated with oocyst-induced infection and (ii) detect systemic metabolic differences between -infected mice and controls. We performed the first global metabolomics analysis of mice serum challenged with 100 sporulated Pru oocysts (Genotype II).

DNA Vaccines Encoding Toxoplasma gondii Cathepsin C 1 Induce Protection against Toxoplasmosis in Mice.

Toxoplasma gondii cathepsin C proteases (TgCPC1, 2, and 3) are important for the growth and survival of T. gondii. In the present study, B-cell and T-cell epitopes of TgCPC1 were predicted using DNAstar and the Immune Epitope Database.

Structuraland antigenic analysis of a new Rhoptry Pseudokinase Gene (ROP54) in Toxoplasma gondii.

Toxoplasma gondii is defined as an obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite and influences approximatelyone-third of the human all over the world. ROP54 protein is expressed in the rhoptry of Toxoplasma gondii. In the present study, we used SMART software to analyzethe secondary structure of ROP54.

SAG5B and SAG5C combined vaccine protects mice against Toxoplasma gondii infection.

Infections with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, which are common around the world, can lead to congenital infections in humans. T. gondii surface antigen protein 5B (SAG5B) and SAG5C are potential stimulators of humoral and cellular immune responses.

Immunization with a DNA vaccine encoding Toxoplasma gondii Superoxide dismutase (TgSOD) induces partial immune protection against acute toxoplasmosis in BALB/c mice.

Background: Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that infects all warm-blooded animals including humans and causes toxoplasmosis. An effective vaccine could be an ideal choice for preventing and controlling toxoplasmosis.

Protection via a ROM4 DNA vaccine and peptide against Toxoplasma gondii in BALB/c mice.

Background: Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite with a broad host range including most warm-blooded animals, including humans. T.

Vaccination with toxofilin DNA in combination with an alum-monophosphoryl lipid A mixed adjuvant induces significant protective immunity against Toxoplasma gondii.

Background: A widely prevalent disease, toxoplasmosis poses serious health threats to both humans and animals; therefore, development of an ideal DNA vaccine against Toxoplasma gondii is needed eagerly. The purpose of the present study is to assess the protective efficacy of a DNA vaccine encoding the T. gondii toxofilin gene (pEGFP-toxofilin).

Analysis of structures and epitopes of a novel secreted protein MYR1 in Toxoplasma gondii.

Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle et Manceaux, 1908) is an obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite and can infect warmblooded animals and humans all over the world. Development of effective vaccines is considered the only ideal way to control infection with T. gondii.

Bioinformatics analysis and expression of a novel protein ROP48 in Toxoplasma gondii.

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite, and can infect warmblooded animals and humans all over the world. In the past years, ROP family genes encoding particular proteins of T. gondii had made a great contribution to toxoplasmosis.

Epitope analysis and protection by a ROP19 DNA vaccine against Toxoplasma gondii.

We used bioinformatics approaches to identify B-cell and T-cell epitopes on the ROP19 protein of Toxoplasma gondii. Then, we constructed plasmids with ROP19 (pEGFP-C1-ROP19) and injected them into BALB/c mice to test the immunoprotection induced by this vaccine candidate. The results showed that immunization with pEGFP-C1-ROP19 induced effective cellular and humoral immune responses in mice; specifically, high serum levels of T.

Toxoplasma gondii: Vaccination with a DNA vaccine encoding T- and B-cell epitopes of SAG1, GRA2, GRA7 and ROP16 elicits protection against acute toxoplasmosis in mice.

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an obligate, intracellular, protozoan parasite that infects large variety of warm-blooded animals including humans, livestock, and marine mammals, and causes the disease toxoplasmosis. Although T.

A Toxoplasma gondii vaccine encoding multistage antigens in conjunction with ubiquitin confers protective immunity to BALB/c mice against parasite infection.

Background: Toxoplasma gondii is a widely prevalent intracellular parasite which infects almost all warm-blooded animals including humans and causes serious zoonotic toxoplasmosis. DNA vaccines have proved effective in the protection against parasites. However, the problems of weak immunity and inefficient delivery of DNA vaccine remain major issues.

Sequence Variation in Superoxide Dismutase Gene of Toxoplasma gondii among Various Isolates from Different Hosts and Geographical Regions.

Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite of the phylum Apicomplexa, can infect all warm-blooded vertebrates, including humans, livestock, and marine mammals. The aim of this study was to investigate whether superoxide dismutase (SOD) of T. gondii can be used as a new marker for genetic study or a potential vaccine candidate.