Empirical Relationship among the Parameters in HLD Equation of Block Polyether Water Clarifier.

In this work, the empirical relationship among three apparent parameters in the hydrophilic-lipophilic deviation (HLD) equation was studied to provide help in using the HLD equation to design a block polyether water clarifier for treating produced water in an oilfield. Ten block polyethers (including six linear polyethers and four branched polyethers) were prepared, and their HLD equations were measured. By curve fitting, the empirical relationship among apparent hydrophobicity characteristic (), apparent characteristic curvature (Cc ), and apparent temperature coefficient ( ) of block polyether were obtained: = 9.

Study on the structure-activity relationship of cationic polyacrylates for the treatment of oilfield produced water.

Cationic polyacrylates exhibit both reverse demulsification and flotation performance, which can avoid incompatibility between the reverse demulsifier and flotation agent during treatment of produced water from offshore oilfields. In our previous work, the effect of the structure of the cationic unit on the reverse demulsification and flotation performance of cationic polyacrylates was studied. However, the structure-activity relationship of cationic polyacrylates has not been systematically studied.

Insights into Zwitterionic Surfactant Interactions at the Oil-Water Interface by Interferometry Experiments and MDS Calculations.

In this work, the interaction performance of zwitterionic surfactant [dodecyl dimethyl sulfopropyl betaine (DSB-12) and hexadecyl dimethyl sulfopropyl betaine (DSB-16)] at the -octadecane oil surface is investigated from experimental and simulation insights. For a macroscopic experiment, interfacial interferometry technology was developed for real-time monitor interaction performances and to obtain the quantitative interfacial thickness and mass results. The Langmuir model was characterized by thermodynamic analysis, deducing the aggregation spontaneity of DSB-16 > DSB-12 with Δ = -5.

Treatment of oil-based drilling cuttings by floatation-advanced oxidation two-step process.

In this paper, a floatation-advanced oxidation two-step process was proposed for deep oil removal of oil-based drilling cuttings (OBDC). In the first stage, a novel and simple degreasing solution was prepared and most of the base oil contained by OBDC was removed by flotation; in the second stage, the oil content of OBDC was further reduced by combined ultrasound + ozone (US + O) advanced oxidation. The recommended degreasing solution was a mixture of methanol, ammonium chloride, and water with a mass ratio of 1.

Ultrasonication-flotation-advanced oxidation tertiary treatment of oil-based drilling cuttings.

The treatment of oil-based drilling cuttings (OBDCs) with high oil content is difficult. In this study, a tertiary treatment of ultrasonication-flotation-advanced oxidation for treating OBDCs with a high oil content of 20.10 wt% was proposed for the first time.

Investigation of Oil-Water Separation on an F-SiO/TiO-Based Superhydrophobic/Superoleophilic Surface: Experiment Evaluation and MD Simulation.

Experiment evaluation and mechanism analysis of separation performance are crucial for oily wastewater treatment. In this work, a fluorinated superhydrophobic/superoleophilic (F-SHPB/SOPL) surface was fabricated on a steel mesh substrate by double depositions of SiO-TiO nanoparticles for high-roughness improvement and composite modification of fluorine-alkyl groups for low-energy achievement. Measurements of SEM, XPS, FTIR, laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM), and excitation-emission matrix (EEM) were carried out for surface property characterization.

Liquid Metal-Tailored PEDOT:PSS for Noncontact Flexible Electronics with High Spatial Resolution.

Electric field-based noncontact flexible electronics (EF-NFEs) allow people to communicate with intelligent devices through noncontact human-machine interactions, but current EF-NFEs with limited detections (usually <20 cm) distance often lack a high spatial resolution. Here, we report a versatile material for preparing EF-NFE devices with a high spatial resolution to realize everyday human activity detection. Eutectic gallium-indium alloy (EGaIn) was introduced into poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) chains to fabricate this material, named Ga-PP.

N-methylene phosphonic chitosan aerogels for efficient capture of Cu and Pb from aqueous environment.

In this paper, N-methylene phosphonic acid chitosan (NPCS-PEI) was synthesized from chitosan, phosphorous acid, formaldehyde and hyperbranched polyethyleneimine (PEI), and Cu and Pb removal performance was examined in aqueous solution. NPCS-PEI exhibited three-dimensional porous architectures, with a specific surface area of 490.61 m/g.

Insight into Organic Pollutant Adsorption Characteristics on a g-CN Surface by Attenuated Total Reflection Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulation.

Herein the adsorption characteristics of zwitterionic dye pollutant Rhodamine B (RhB) on a g-CN surface were investigated by both an attenuated total reflection spectroscopy (ATRS) experiment and a molecular dynamics simulation (MDS). For experimental investigation, g-CN was coated on a silica optical fiber (SOF) surface to fabricate an adsorption film. According to the ATRS response, adsorption thermodynamics and thermodynamics results were in situ obtained and evaluated.

In-situ investigation of dye pollutant adsorption performance on graphitic carbon nitride surface: ATR spectroscopy experiment and MD simulation insight.

The adsorption performances on graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) surface were investigated for organic dye pollutants by both experimental and calculation methods. For experimental investigation, adsorption thermodynamics and kinetics results were in-situ obtained and evaluated. With [Formula: see text] by Langmuir modeling g-CN showed superior adsorption spontaneity of MB >MO.

Preparation of poly-dopamine-silk fibroin sponge and its dye molecular adsorption.

This paper proposes a process for fabricating a poly-dopamine-silk fibroin sponge (PDA-SF) by using dopamine self-assembly and coating the skeleton of a silk fibroin sponge. The PDA-SF sponge was characterized by SEM, TEM, XPS, XRD and FT-IR. It was found that the sponge exhibits sheet structures with a pore size of 60 ± 20 μm and poly-dopamine adhered to the surface of pure silk fibroin through noncovalent bond forces.

Investigation on the Adsorption-Interaction Mechanism of Pb(II) at Surface of Silk Fibroin Protein-Derived Hybrid Nanoflower Adsorbent.

For further the understanding of the adsorption mechanism of heavy metal ions on the surface of protein-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers, a novel protein-derived hybrid nanoflower was prepared to investigate the adsorption behavior and reveal the function of organic and inorganic parts on the surface of nanoflowers in the adsorption process in this study. Silk fibroin (SF)-derived and copper-based protein-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers of SF@Cu-NFs were prepared through self-assembly. The product was characterized and applied to adsorption of heavy metal ion of Pb(II).

Application of choline-based deep eutectic solvent for the extraction of crude-oil contaminated soils.

Choline-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have many outstanding features as they are easy to prepare, inexpensive, low-toxic, low volatile, and biodegradable, which make them increasingly attractive in industrial chemistry and green chemistry. In this paper, the abilities of three different kinds of DESs for crude oil removal from contaminated soils were compared and it was found the DES formed by phenylpropionic acid and choline chloride (mole ratio = 2:1) had the best performance. The effects of extraction time, temperature and the solvent-soil ratio on phenylpropionic acid/choline chloride DES performance were evaluated.

Chemisorption mechanism of crude oil on soil surface.

One of the main challenges in cleaning crude oil-contaminated soil is the unknown adsorption mechanism between residual oil and soil. Herein, infrared spectrometer (IR) is used to detect the existence of dibutylphthalate (DBP) and pelargonamide on montmorillonite (MMT) surface. In addition, after the adsorption of DBP and pelargonamide on MMT, the bands in fingerprint region of the two IR spectra are almost identical, indicating coordination bonds were formed on the surface of MMT.

Insight into the Synergistic Effect of Adsorption-Photocatalysis for the Removal of Organic Dye Pollutants by Cr-Doped ZnO.

The adsorption of dye molecules is an important process for the photodegradation removal of dye pollutants. In this work, a semiconductor photocatalyst of Cr-doped ZnO nanorods (Cr-ZnO NRs) was synthesized, and its adsorption-photocatalysis synergy (APS) effect was investigated for anionic methyl orange (MO) and cationic methylene blue (MB). The detailed thermodynamic information (including adsorption maximum capacity , adsorption equilibrium constant and adsorption efficiency AE %) and dynamic information (including adsorption rate constant , degradation rate constant and degradation efficiency DE %) were obtained to evaluate the different reaction performances for MO and MB.

Insight into the Adsorption-Interaction Mechanism of Cr(VI) at the Silica Adsorbent Surface by Evanescent Wave Measurement.

The investigation of adsorption performance at the adsorbent surface can help to reveal the treatment mechanism and improve the treatment efficiency of adsorption technology for heavy metal ions (HMIs). This work developed a methodology to investigate the adsorption behavior of HMI Cr(VI) at the silica surface by confined near-field evanescent wave (CNFEW) measurement. A silica optical fiber (SOF) was used as the adsorption substrate and light waveguide element to integrate both Cr(VI) adsorption and CNFEW production on its surface.

Synthesis and flocculation of a novel flocculant for treating wastewater produced from polymer flooding.

Preparation of a flocculant which can have high-oil removal and no viscous flocs production for treating oily wastewater produced from polymer flooding (OWPF) is meaningful work. In this paper, a novel flocculant (denoted as PDCDM) for treating OWPF was prepared by copolymerization of dodecyl dimethylallyl ammonium chloride (CDM) and dimethyl aminopropyl methacryamide (DMAPMA). By using oil removal and viscous floc production as indexes, the synthesis condition of PDCDM was optimized.

In Situ Measurement of Depletion Caused by SDBS Micelles on the Surface of Silica Particles Using Optical Tweezers.

Dual-trap optical tweezers have been used to directly measure the interaction forces between two silica particles upon controlling the concentration of the ionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS). By capturing two silica particles in one spot optical trap and one linear optical trap and controlling the linear trap to bring one particle to approach another sufficiently closer, the interaction forces between these two particles can be measured as the separation distance changes. Results showed that with increasing concentrations of SDBS, the interaction force between the two silica particles emerges at closer surface distance between two silica particles.

Hydrazine-Functionalized guar-gum material capable of capturing heavy metal ions.

This research demonstrates the capability of guar-gum modified with salicylhydrazine to remove Ni, Co and Cr from aqueous solution. Structural characterization showed that aldehydes guar gum was grafted with salicylhydrazine with morphology. The as-prepared nanocomposite had a large surface area and hydrophobicity, which ensured its good sorption ability and convenience of separation.

Preparation of a selective flocculant for treatment of oily wastewater produced from polymer flooding and its flocculant mechanism.

There are residual polymers in the oily wastewater produced from polymer flooding (OWPF); keeping the residual polymer in the water during the flocculation is meaningful and challenging. In this paper, a selective flocculant (denoted as PDC10) which can remove the oil while keeping partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) in water was prepared by copolymerization of decyl two methyl vinylbenzyl ammonium chloride (C10MVBA) and dimethyl aminopropyl methacryamide (DMAPMA). By using oil removal and HPAM retention as evaluation indexes, the synthesis condition of PDC10 was optimized.

Preparation of Molecularly Imprinted Microspheres as Biomimetic Recognition Material for In Situ Adsorption and Selective Chemiluminescence Determination of Bisphenol A.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupter in environments which can induce abnormal differentiation of reproductive organs by interfering with the action of endogenous gonadal steroid hormones. In this work, the bisphenol A (BPA) molecularly-imprinted microspheres (MIMS) were prepared and used as biomimetic recognition material for in situ adsorption and selective chemiluminescence (CL) determination of BPA. Through non-covalent interaction, the BPA-MIMS was successfully prepared by Pickering emulsion polymerization using a BPA template, 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP) monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) cross-linker, and a SiO₂ dispersion agent.

Synthesis of hydrazine-grafted guar gum material for the highly effective removal of organic dyes.

The galacylhydrazine modified guar gum (GG-GH) was prepared through oxidation and condensation. GG-GH demonstrated highly efficient removing performance for organic dyes in large volume of water sample solutions, a rapid uptake of dyes was observed and the equilibrium is achieved in 0.5 h.

Characterization and differentiation of the adsorption behavior of crystal violet and methylene blue at the silica/water interface using near field evanescent wave.

Different molecular structures lead to different adsorption performances. In this work, the adsorption behavior of two organic dyes, namely, crystal violet (CV, triphenylmethane dye of symmetric structure) and methylene blue (MB, azo dye of linear structure), were investigated, characterized and differentiated at the silica/water interface using the total internal reflection induced near field evanescent wave (TIR-NFEW) platform. According to the change in the evanescent wave intensity and following Beer's law, the adsorption behaviors of CV and MB can be monitored real time and sensitively.

Real-time measurement of the crystal violet adsorption behavior and interaction process at the silica-aqueous interface by near-field evanescent wave.

The interfacial adsorption and interaction of crystal violet (CV) at the silica-water interface was real-time measured based on a total-internal-reflection-induced near-field evanescent wave (TIR-NFEW). A silica optical fiber (SOF) was employed as a charged substrate for CV adsorption and as a light transmission waveguide for evanescent wave production for the investigation system. According to the change of evanescent wave intensity, the CV adsorption behavior could be real-time monitored at the silica-aqueous interface.