Involvement of UDP-glycosyltransferase of Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers in quercitrin biosynthesis and consequent antioxidant defense.

Plants in the Crassulaceae family are rich in flavonoids, which may contribute to their high antioxidant activity and strong tolerance to abiotic stresses. Kalanchoe spp. are known to have high antioxidant activity, but the main components responsible for this activity and the mechanisms that control antioxidant accumulation in these plants are unknown.

Galangin alleviated Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting ferroptosis through GSTP1/JNK pathway.

Background: Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent anticancer medication, but its significant cardiotoxicity poses a challenge in clinical practice. Galangin (Gal), a flavonoid compound with diverse pharmacological activities, has shown potential in exerting cardioprotective effects. However, the related molecular mechanism has not been fully elucidated.

Correlation between Tregs and ICOS-induced M2 macrophages polarization in colorectal cancer progression.

Objective: To explore the mechanism by which Tregs promote the progression of colorectal cancer by inducing tumor-associated macrophages to polarize into M2 type via ICOS.

Methods: Postoperative pathological tissues and clinical pathological data of 268 colorectal cancer patients who underwent initial surgery were collected. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the expression levels of ICOS, CD163 (a marker for M2 macrophages), and Foxp3 (a marker for Tregs) in cancerous, adjacent non-tumorous, and normal tissues.

Co-exposure of microcystin-LR and nitrite induced kidney injury through TLR4/NLRP3/GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis.

The degradation of cyanobacterial blooms releases hazardous contaminants such as microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and nitrite, which may collectively exert toxicity on various bodily systems. To evaluate their individual and combined toxicity in the kidney, mice were subjected to different concentrations of MC-LR and/or nitrite over a 6-month period in this study. The results revealed that combined exposure to MC-LR and nitrite exacerbated renal pathological alterations and dysfunction compared to exposure to either compound alone.

M2-Type Macrophages and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Combine to Promote Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases.

Purpose: This research explored the association between CD163-labeled M2-type macrophages and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of 38 colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastases. In addition, we investigated the correlation differences between M2-type macrophages and CAFs in the tumor microenvironments of 38 primary colorectal cancer patients with confirmed liver metastases and 946 colorectal cancer patients, as well as possible mechanisms of action between the two cells.

Methods: The Immunohistochemistry (IHC) method was applied to detect the expression levels of M2-type macrophages and CAFs in the tissues of 984 cases of CRC and to analyze the correlation between M2-type macrophages and CAFs in colorectal cancer tissues.

Ferroptosis Exists in Ischemia Reperfusion Injury after Cardiac Surgery with Cardiopulmonary Bypass.

Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury commonly arises during cardiac surgery involving Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB), and it has relationship with ferroptosis in mice. However, the exact role of ferroptosis in the human cardiac damage caused by cardiac surgery remains unclear. Basic patient data and perioperative period information were collected, and clinic indicators related to cardiac function were detected to assess the extent of cardiac injury.

Fisetin, a dietary flavonoid, promotes transintestinal cholesterol excretion through the activation of PPARδ.

Fisetin, a dietary polyphenol abundantly found in strawberries, exhibits a broad spectrum of health-promoting activities, including antihyperlipidemic effects. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory effect of fisetin on cholesterol elimination through novel transintestinal cholesterol excretion (TICE) pathway. A hypercholesterolemic mouse model and human colon epithelial cancer cell line Caco-2 were utilized to conduct the study.

Health outcomes associated with phytosterols: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Phytosterols (PS), as a kind of plant active ingredients, have many benefits to human health. However, there is currently no comprehensive overview of the clinical evidence and an assessment of the evidence quality.

Purpose: We conducted an umbrella review, which incorporated verification spanning a number of meta-analyses and systematic reviews to clarify the link that existed between PS consuming and health outcomes.

Hawthorn fruit extract protect against MC-LR-induced hepatotoxicity by attenuating oxidative stress and apoptosis.

Microcystins (MCs) is a class of cyclic heptapeptide compounds with biological activity. There is no effective treatment for liver injury caused by MCs. Hawthorn is a medicinal and edible plant traditional Chinese medicine with hypolipidemic, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in the liver.

Galangin inhibited ferroptosis through activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway in vitro and in vivo.

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of nonapoptotic cell death characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides in cells. In recent years, extensive attention has been dedicated to exploring safe and effective natural ferroptosis regulators which can provide novel treatment strategies for ferroptosis-related diseases. This study identified galangin, a natural flavonoid, as an effective inhibitor of ferroptosis, which could increase cell viability in RSL3-inhibited HT1080 cells, decrease levels of lipid ROS and MDA, improve PTGS2 mRNA expression, and enhance the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4).

Effects of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) on factors related to metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial.

The purpose of this meta-analysis is to explore whether the supplement of sea buckthorn affects the factors related to metabolic syndrome. The related RCTs from five databases were systematically searched and comprehensively random effects model was used to calculate SMD and 95% CI. The Cochrane deviation risk tool was used to evaluate the deviation risk.

Chronic vitamin D supplementation alleviates cognition impairment via inhibition of oxidative stress regulated by PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 in APP/PS1 transgenic mice.

Oxidative stress plays essential role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, and vitamin D (VD) is a nutrient with neuroprotective and antioxidant activities. The present study aimed to confirm the neuroprotective effect and the ameliorative effect of cortical oxidative stress of VD in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. APP/PS1 mice were treated with VD for 20 weeks.

The Regulatory Effects and the Signaling Pathways of Natural Bioactive Compounds on Ferroptosis.

Natural bioactive compounds abundantly presented in foods and medicinal plants have recently received a remarkable attention because of their various biological activities and minimal toxicity. In recent years, many natural compounds appear to offer significant effects in the regulation of ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is the forefront of international scientific research which has been exponential growth since the term was coined.

Role of Long Noncoding RNAs ZlMSTRG.11348 and UeMSTRG.02678 in Temperature-Dependent Culm Swelling in .

Temperature influences the physiological processes and ecology of both hosts and endophytes; however, it remains unclear how long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) modulate the consequences of temperature-dependent changes in host-pathogen interactions. To explore the role of lncRNAs in culm gall formation induced by the smut fungus in , we employed RNA sequencing to identify lncRNAs and their potential -targets in and under different temperatures. In and , we identified 3194 and 173 lncRNAs as well as 126 and four potential target genes for differentially expressed lncRNAs, respectively.

Impaired pain empathic abilities among patients with functional dyspepsia.

Introduction: Brain structure or functioning abnormality in regions such as insula and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is associated with functional dyspepsia (FD) and pain empathy, but the relationship between FD and pain empathy remains unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the pain empathic abilities of FD patients and healthy controls (HCs) and investigate the association of pain empathy with clinical characteristics and quality of life of FD patients.

Methods: Pain empathic abilities was measured in 30 FD patients and 30 HCs using a validated pain empathy paradigm.

Abdominal obesity and risk of CVD: a dose-response meta-analysis of thirty-one prospective studies.

This meta-analysis aimed to study the relationship between abdominal obesity and the risk of CVD by waist circumference (WC), waist:hip ratio (WHR) and waist:height ratio (WHtR). We systematically searched PubMed, Embase and Web of Science. Prospective studies that estimated cardiovascular events by WC, WHR and WHtR were included in this study.

Impaired decision-making under risk in patients with functional dyspepsia.

Introduction: The cognitive processing in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) has not been well established. Decision-making is an important component of cognitive function. Most brain regions involved in decision-making are abnormal in FD patients.

Fisetin Prevents HT22 Cells From High Glucose-Induced Neurotoxicity PI3K/Akt/CREB Signaling Pathway.

Hyperglycemia has been widely considered as a key risk factor for diabetic encephalopathy which can cause neuronal apoptosis and cognitive deficits. The flavonoid compound, fisetin, possesses potential neuroprotective effects and also enhances learning and memory. However, the role of fisetin in hyperglycemia-induced neuronal cytotoxicity has not been fully elucidated.

The neuroprotective effect and action mechanism of polyphenols in diabetes mellitus-related cognitive dysfunction.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex and prevalent metabolic disorder worldwide. Strong evidence has emerged that DM is a risk factor for the accelerated rate of cognitive decline and the development of dementia. Though traditional pharmaceutical agents are efficient for the management of DM and DM-related cognitive decrement, long-term use of these drugs are along with undesired side effects.

Increased total iron and zinc intake and lower heme iron intake reduce the risk of esophageal cancer: A dose-response meta-analysis.

Several epidemiological studies investigated the relationship between dietary intake of essential trace elements and the risk of esophageal cancer (EC), yielding inconsistent results. We therefore conducted a systematic meta-analysis to investigate and quantify the putative association between the intake of various essential trace elements and the risk of EC. We searched Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science for eligible articles published through April 2018 reporting the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI).

Gastrointestinal toxicity induced by microcystins.

Microcystins (MCs) are produced by certain bloom-forming cyanobacteria that can induce toxicity in various organs, including renal toxicity, reproductive toxicity, cardiotoxicity, and immunosuppressive effects. It has been a significant global environmental issue due to its harm to the aquatic environment and human health. Numerous investigators have demonstrated that MC exposure can induce a widespread epidemic of enterogastritis with symptoms similar to food poisoning in areas close to lakes.

MC-LR induces dysregulation of iron homeostasis by inhibiting hepcidin expression: A preliminary study.

The liver is an important iron storage site and a primary MC-LR target. C57BL/6 and Hfe mice were used to investigate effects and mechanisms of MC-LR on systematic iron homeostasis. Body weight, tissue iron content, hematological and serological indexes, and histopathological were evaluated.

Oxidative Stress Mediates Microcystin-LR-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagy in KK-1 Cells and C57BL/6 Mice Ovaries.

Microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) is a cyclic heptapeptide intracellular toxin released by cyanobacteria that exhibits strong reproductive toxicity. However, little is known about its biotoxicity to the female reproductive system. The present study investigates unexplored molecular pathways by which oxidative stress acts on MC-LR-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERs) and autophagy.

Resveratrol Ameliorates Microcystin-LR-Induced Testis Germ Cell Apoptosis in Rats via SIRT1 Signaling Pathway Activation.

Microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR), a cyclic heptapeptide produced by cyanobacteria, is a strong reproductive toxin. Studies performed in rat Sertoli cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells have demonstrated typical apoptosis after MC-LR exposure. However, little is known on how to protect against the reproductive toxicity induced by MC-LR.

Antioxidants Mediate Both Iron Homeostasis and Oxidative Stress.

Oxidative stress is a common denominator in the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases. Therefore, antioxidants are often used to protect cells and tissues and reverse oxidative damage. It is well known that iron metabolism underlies the dynamic interplay between oxidative stress and antioxidants in many pathophysiological processes.