Effects of Aeromonas infection on the immune system, physical barriers and microflora structure in the intestine of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).

Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) is an intensively cultured and economically important herbivorous fish species in China, but its culture is often impacted by Aeromonas pathogens such as Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas veronii. In this study, healthy grass carp were separately infected with A. hydrophila or A.

Insights into Dietary Different Co-Forms of Lysine and Glutamate on Growth Performance, Muscle Development, Antioxidation and Related Gene Expressions in Juvenile Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus).

The study aimed to compare the effects of crystalline L-lysine and L-glutamate (CAA), Lys-Glu dipeptide (KE) on the growth and muscle development of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus), and related molecular mechanisms. Five experimental diets (CR, 0.5% CAA, 1.

Physiological and Transcriptome Analysis Reveal the Regulation Mechanism Underlying the Muscle Quality Effect of Dietary Schisandra chinensis in Triploid Crucian Carp (Carassius auratus).

Schisandra chinensis (sc) is generally demonstrated to improve antioxidant and immune functions in mammal. The present study through physiological and transcriptome analysis revealed alterations in muscle metabolisms of triploid crucian carp (Carassius auratus) cultured at different concentrations of S. chinensis diets (sc0, sc0.

Intervention of Dietary Protein Levels on Muscle Quality, Antioxidation, and Autophagy in the Muscles of Triploid Crucian Carp ().

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of dietary protein levels on flesh quality, oxidative stress, and autophagy status in the muscles of triploid crucian carp (), and the related molecular mechanisms. Six experimental diets with different protein levels (26%, 29%, 32%, 35%, 38%, 41%) were formulated. A total of 540 fish with an initial weight of 11.

Molecular Characterization of LKB1 of Triploid Crucian Carp and Its Regulation on Muscle Growth and Quality.

Liver Kinase B1 (LKB1) is a serine/threonine kinase that can regulate energy metabolism and skeletal muscle growth. In the present study, LKB1 cDNA of triploid crucian carp () was cloned. The cDNA contains a complete open reading frame (ORF), with a length of 1326 bp, encoding 442 amino acids.

Molecular characterization of adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1 and its regulatory mechanism for inosine monophosphate formation in triploid crucian carp.

Inosine monophosphate (IMP) is the main flavoring substance in aquatic animal, and adenosine monophosphate deaminase1 () gene is a key gene in IMP formation. At present, the research on the mechanism of regulating IMP formation in aquatic animal is still blank. In this study, in order to study the mechanism of regulating IMP formation in fish, the full open reading frame (ORF) of which was 2160bp was obtained for the first time in triploid crucian carp ().

Functional characterization of MEKK3 in the intestinal immune response to bacterial challenges in grass carp ().

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3 (MEKK3) is an evolutionarily conserved Ser/Thr protein kinase of the MEKK family that is essential for the host immune response to pathogen challenges in mammals. However, the immune function of MEKK3s in lower vertebrate species, especially in bony fish, remains largely unknown. In this study, a fish MEKK3 (designated MEKK3) gene was cloned and identified from grass carp ().

Dietary Supplementation With Hydroxyproline Enhances Growth Performance, Collagen Synthesis and Muscle Quality of Triploid.

An eight-week experiment was undertaken to examine the effect of dietary hydroxyproline (Hyp) supplementation on growth performance, collagen synthesis, muscle quality of an improved triploid crucian carp ( Triploid) (ITCC). Six isonitrogenous (340 g/kg diet), isolipidic (60 g/kg diet) and isocaloric (17.80 MJ/kg diet) diets were formulated containing a certain amount of Hyp: 0.

Grass carp MAP3K4 participates in the intestinal immune response to bacterial challenge.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 4 (MAP3K4) is a multifunctional mediator of the conserved MAPK signaling pathway that plays essential roles in the regulation of immune responses in mammals. However, the function of teleost MAP3K4s in innate immunity, especially in the intestinal immune system, is still poorly understood. In the current study, we identified a fish MAP3K4 homolog (CiMAP3K4) in Ctenopharyngodon idella as well as its immune function in intestine following bacterial infection in vivo and in vitro.

JAK2 Mediates the Regulation of Pept1 Expression by Leptin in the Grass Carp () Intestine.

Oligopeptide transporter 1 (Pept1) is located on the brush border membrane of the intestinal epithelium and plays an important role in dipeptide and tripeptide absorption from protein digestion. In this study, we cloned and characterized the cDNA sequence of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) from . The expression patterns of JAK2 in various tissues and developmental stages were characterized by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).

p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are involved in intestinal immune response to bacterial muramyl dipeptide challenge in Ctenopharyngodon idella.

The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are essential cytoplasmic signal molecules of innate immune pathways that play a vital role in host immune defense responses to pathogenic challenges. In this study, two fish p38 genes (Cip38α and Cip38β) were characterized for the first time from the grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. Similar to other reported p38MAPKs, both Cip38α and Cip38β contained a conserved phosphorylation motif (Thr-Gly-Tyr, TGY) and a substrate binding site (Ala-Thr-Arg-Trp, ATRW) in the serine/threonine protein kinase (S_TKc) domain.

Effects of dietary yeast culture on growth performance, immune response and disease resistance of gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio CAS Ⅲ).

A 50-day feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the partial replacement of fishmeal by yeast culture (YC) on growth performance, immune response and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in gibel carp CAS Ⅲ (Carassius auratus gibelio). Four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic practical diets including a basal diet (the control diet containing 10% fish meal, D0) and three yeast culture diets (substituting 20%, 40%, 60% of the fishmeal in the basal diet, D20, D40 and D60, respectively) were formulated. Each diet was randomly allocated to quadruplicate fish groups (average initial body weight: 28.

Replacement of fishmeal by spirulina Arthrospira platensis affects growth, immune related-gene expression in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio var. CAS III), and its challenge against Aeromonas hydrophila infection.

The present study examined the effect of dietary spirulina, Arthrospira platensis on growth performance, blood physiological indices, immune-related gene expressions and resistance of juvenile gibel carp against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Four isonitrogenous (360 g kg) and isolipidic (90 g kg) diets were formulated with containing different levels of spirulina powder of 0 g (SP0, the control diet), 3.38 g (SP3.

Effects of dietary Tenebrio molitor meal on the growth performance, immune response and disease resistance of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco).

This study evaluated the influence of diets containing mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) meal in partial substitution of fishmeal on growth performance and immune responses of juvenile yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). Four diets were formulated to contain 0 (the control diet), 9, 18 and 27 g mealworm meal per 100 g diet with 0%, 25%, 50% and 75% of fishmeal replacement, respectively. Yellow catfish were randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates in each group.