Characterizing the role of PP2A B'' family subunits in mechanical stress response and plant development through calcium and ABA signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Protein phosphatase 2AB'' (PP2A B'') family subunits have calcium-binding EF-hand motifs, facilitating interaction with PP2A substrates. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the PP2A B'' family subunits consist of six members, AtB''α-ε and FASS. These subunits can interact with a basic leucine zipper transcription factor, VIP1, and its close homologs.

A pearl millet plasma membrane protein, PgPM19, facilitates seed germination through the negative regulation of abscisic acid-associated genes under salinity stress in Arabidopsis thaliana.

The pearl millet gene PgPM19 inhibits seed dormancy by negatively regulating the ABA biosynthesis and ABA signaling pathways in response to salinity stress in Arabidopsis. Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a pivotal role in orchestrating plant stress responses and development. However, how the ABA signal is transmitted in response to stresses remains primarily uncertain, particularly in monocotyledonous plants.

Unveiling the Longevity Potential of Natural Phytochemicals: A Comprehensive Review of Active Ingredients in Dietary Plants and Herbs.

Ancient humans used dietary plants and herbs to treat disease and to pursue eternal life. Today, phytochemicals in dietary plants and herbs have been shown to be the active ingredients, some of which have antiaging and longevity-promoting effects. Here, we summarize 210 antiaging phytochemicals in dietary plants and herbs, systematically classify them into 8 groups.

Differential salt stress resistance in male and female Salix linearistipularis plants: insights from transcriptome profiling and the identification of the 4-hydroxy-tetrahydrodipicolinate synthase gene.

Lysine plays an essential role in the growth differences between male and female S. linearistipularis plants under salt stress. Furthermore, SlDHDPS is identified as a vital gene contributing to the differences in saline-alkali tolerance between male and female plants of S.

VIP1 and its close homologs confer mechanical stress tolerance in Arabidopsis leaves.

VIP1, an Arabidopsis thaliana basic leucine zipper transcription factor, and its close homologs are imported from the cytoplasm to the nucleus when cells are exposed to mechanical stress. They bind to AGCTG (G/T) and regulate mechanical stress responses in roots. However, their role in leaves is unclear.

Unraveling the role of urea hydrolysis in salt stress response during seed germination and seedling growth in .

Urea is intensively utilized as a nitrogen fertilizer in agriculture, originating either from root uptake or from catabolism of arginine by arginase. Despite its extensive use, the underlying physiological mechanisms of urea, particularly its adverse effects on seed germination and seedling growth under salt stress, remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that salt stress induces excessive hydrolysis of arginine-derived urea, leading to an increase in cytoplasmic pH within seed radical cells, which, in turn, triggers salt-induced inhibition of seed germination (SISG) and hampers seedling growth.

sp. nov., an alkaliphilic bacterium isolated from soda soil, and genome-based reclassification of the genera and .

The genera and are phylogenetically related genera within the family . Species of these genera were described using 16S rRNA gene-based phylogeny and phenotypic characteristics. However, the 16S rRNA gene identity and phylogeny reveal the controversy of the taxonomic status of these two genera.

Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of Ubiquitin-specific protease gene family in maize (Zea mays L.).

Background: Ubiquitin-specific proteases (UBPs) are a large family of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). They are widespread in plants and are critical for plant growth, development, and response to external stresses. However, there are few studies on the functional characteristics of the UBP gene family in the important staple crop, maize (Zea mays L.

Phyllostachys edulis argonaute genes function in the shoot architecture.

Argonaute (AGO) proteins are the core components of the RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISC) in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and are necessary for the development of plant shoot meristem, which gives rise to the above-ground plant body. In this study, we identified 23 Phyllostachys edulis AGO genes (PhAGOs) that were distributed unequally on the 14 unmapped scaffolds. Gene collinearity and phylogeny analysis showed that the innovation of PhAGO genes was mainly due to dispersed duplication and whole-genome duplication, which resulted in the enlarged PhAGO family.

Oerskovia flava sp. nov., a deoxynivalenol (DON)-degrading actinomycete isolated from the rhizosphere soil of long-term continuous cropping cucumber.

The deoxynivalenol (DON)-degrading bacterium JB1-3-2 was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of cucumber collected from a greenhouse located in Zhenjiang, Eastern China. The JB1-3-2 strain is a Gram-stain-positive, nonmotile and round actinomycete. Growth was observed at temperatures between 15 and 40 ℃ (optimum, 35 ℃), in the presence of 15% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3%), and at pH 3 and 11 (optimum, 7).

Nocardioides limicola sp. nov., an alkaliphilic alkane degrading bacterium isolated from oilfield alkali-saline soil.

A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, alkane degrading bacterium, designated DJM-14, was isolated from oilfield alkali-saline soil in Heilongjiang, Northeast China. On the basis of 16 S rRNA gene sequencing, strain DJM-14 was shown to belong to the genus Nocardioides, and related most closely to Nocardioides terrigena KCTC 19,217 (95.53% 16 S rRNA gene sequence similarity).

Overexpression of genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis increases lipid content in the NaHCO-tolerant sp. JB6.

Fatty acid (FA) contents can be altered in Chlorella JB6 in the presence of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO). Overexpression of the FA synthesis genes inhibited the growth of JB6 cells and decreased their resistance to NaHCO, but these transgenic JB6 strains could grow in a medium containing as high as 300 mM NaHCO. In JB6, ectopic expression of the FA synthesis genes increased the synthesis of very long-chain saturated FA (> 20C).

Cellulose and mediate the resistance of NaHCO-tolerant chlorella to saline-alkali stress.

Carbonate stress has profound impacts on both agricultural and industrial production. Although a number of salinity-tolerant genes have been reported and applied in plants, there is a lack of research on the role of cell wall-related genes in resistance to carbonate. Likewise, in industry, current strategies have not been able to more effectively address the conflict between stress-induced microalgal biofuel accumulation and microalgal growth inhibition.

Calcium signaling-mediated transcriptional reprogramming during abiotic stress response in plants.

Calcium (Ca) is a second messenger in plants growth and development, as well as in stress responses. The transient elevation in cytosolic Ca concentration have been reported to be involved in plants response to abiotic and biotic stresses. In plants, Ca-induced transcriptional changes trigger molecular mechanisms by which plants adapt and respond to environment stresses.

Molecular mechanisms of low-temperature sensitivity in tropical/subtropical plants: a case study of .

Low temperature is a limiting factor affecting plant growth and development. , a typical tropical and subtropical tree important for the ecological restoration of coastal beaches, is sensitive to cold stress. By comparing cold tolerance between and , we investigated the molecular basis underlying the cold sensitivity of .

Targeting Protein Aggregates with Natural Products: An Optional Strategy for Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Protein aggregation is one of the hallmarks of aging and aging-related diseases, especially for the neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and others. In these diseases, many pathogenic proteins, such as amyloid-β, tau, α-Syn, Htt, and FUS, form aggregates that disrupt the normal physiological function of cells and lead to associated neuronal lesions. Protein aggregates in NDs are widely recognized as one of the important targets for the treatment of these diseases.

Metabolomics in aging research: aging markers from organs.

Metabolism plays an important role in regulating aging at several levels, and metabolic reprogramming is the main driving force of aging. Due to the different metabolic needs of different tissues, the change trend of metabolites during aging in different organs and the influence of different levels of metabolites on organ function are also different, which makes the relationship between the change of metabolite level and aging more complex. However, not all of these changes lead to aging.

Genome-Wide Identification of the Highly Conserved () Zinc Finger Gene Family in Moso Bamboo ().

proteins, a family of transcription factors unique to plants, function in multiple developmental processes. Although the gene family has been identified in many plants, little is known about it in moso bamboo. In this present study, we identified 32 family genes in moso bamboo and randomly sequenced the full-length open reading frames (ORFs) of ten .

Innovation and Emerging Roles of TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR Transcription Factors in Abiotic Stresses by Whole-Genome Duplication.

The TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR (TCP) family proteins are plant-specific transcription factors that have been well-acknowledged for designing the architectures of plant branch, shoot, and inflorescence. However, evidence for their innovation and emerging role in abiotic stress has been lacking. In this study, we identified a total of 36 genes in , 50% more than that in (i.

Role of lncRNAs in cis- and trans-regulatory responses to salt in Populus trichocarpa.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as versatile regulators in diverse biological processes. However, little is known about their cis- and trans-regulatory contributions in gene expression under salt stress. Using 27 RNA-seq data sets from Populus trichocarpa leaves, stems and roots, we identified 2988 high-confidence lncRNAs, including 1183 salt-induced differentially expressed lncRNAs.

RNA-Binding Protein MAC5A Is Required for Gibberellin-Regulated Stamen Development.

The development of floral organs is coordinated by an elaborate network of homeotic genes, and gibberellin (GA) signaling is involved in floral organ development; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In the present study, we found that MOS4-ASSOCIATED COMPLEX 5A (MAC5A), which is a protein containing an RNA-binding motif, was involved in the development of sepals, petals, and stamens; either the loss or gain of function resulted in stamen malformation and a reduced seed set. The exogenous application of GA considerably exacerbated the defects in null mutants, including fewer stamens and male sterility.

Denitrifying halophilic archaea derived from salt dominate the degradation of nitrite in salted radish during pickling.

Salted radish is a popular high-salinity table food in China, and nitrite is always generated during the associated pickling process. However, this nitrite can be naturally degraded, and the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here, we identified the microbial groups that dominate the natural degradation of nitrite in salted radish and clarified the related metabolic mechanism.

Optimization of Tissue Culturing and Genetic Transformation Protocol for .

is widely used in agroforestry plantations for soil stabilization, ecosystem rehabilitation, reclamation, and coastal protection. Moreover, has remarkable resistance to typhoons, desert, low soil fertility, drought, and salinity, but not cold. Therefore, it is significant to breed high-quality varieties to improve the tolerance and adaptability to cold weather by molecular techniques.