Exosomal circPOLQ promotes macrophage M2 polarization via activating IL-10/STAT3 axis in a colorectal cancer model.

Background: Accumulating evidence demonstrates that an increased tumor-associated macrophage abundance is often associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC). The mechanism underlying the effect of tumor-derived exosomes on M2 macrophage polarization remains elusive.

Results: The novel circular RNA circPOLQ exhibited significantly higher expression in CRC tissues than in paired normal tissues.

YTHDF2-mediated circYAP1 drives immune escape and cancer progression through activating YAP1/TCF4-PD-L1 axis.

Immune escape is identified as one of the reasons for the poor prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Circular RNAs are considered to promote tumor progression by mediating tumor immune escape. We discovered that higher expression of circYAP1 was associated with a worse prognosis of CRC patients.

Extracellular vesicles remodel tumor environment for cancer immunotherapy.

Tumor immunotherapy has transformed neoplastic disease management, yet low response rates and immune complications persist as major challenges. Extracellular vesicles including exosomes have emerged as therapeutic agents actively involved in a diverse range of pathological conditions. Mounting evidence suggests that alterations in the quantity and composition of extracellular vesicles (EVs) contribute to the remodeling of the immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), thereby influencing the efficacy of immunotherapy.

Radiotherapy remodels the tumor microenvironment for enhancing immunotherapeutic sensitivity.

Cancer immunotherapy has transformed traditional treatments, with immune checkpoint blockade being particularly prominent. However, immunotherapy has minimal benefit for patients in most types of cancer and is largely ineffective in some cancers (such as pancreatic cancer and glioma). A synergistic anti-tumor response may be produced through the combined application with traditional tumor treatment methods.

Multifunctional CaCO@Cur@QTX125@HA nanoparticles for effectively inhibiting growth of colorectal cancer cells.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer-related deaths in humans, and effective treatments are still needed in clinical practice. Despite significant developments in anticancer drugs and inhibitors, their poor stability, water solubility, and cellular membrane permeability limit their therapeutic efficacy. To address these issues, multifunctional CaCO nanoparticles loaded with Curcumin (Cur) and protein deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor QTX125, and coated with hyaluronic acid (HA) (CaCO@Cur@QTX125@HA), were prepared through a one-step gas diffusion strategy.

Roles of tumor-associated macrophages in anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy for solid cancers.

In recent years, tumor immunotherapy has made significant progress. However, tumor immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g.

Engineered exosomes from different sources for cancer-targeted therapy.

Exosome is a subgroup of extracellular vesicles, which has been serving as an efficient therapeutic tool for various diseases. Engineered exosomes are the sort of exosomes modified with surface decoration and internal therapeutic molecules. After appropriate modification, engineered exosomes are able to deliver antitumor drugs to tumor sites efficiently and precisely with fewer treatment-related adverse effects.

Exosome-derived noncoding RNAs: Function, mechanism, and application in tumor angiogenesis.

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles released by various cell types that perform various biological functions, mainly mediating communication between different cells, especially those active in cancer. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), of which there are many types, were recently identified as enriched and stable in the exocrine region and play various roles in the occurrence and progression of cancer. Abnormal angiogenesis has been confirmed to be related to human cancer.

Effect of CRISPR/Cas9-Edited PD-1/PD-L1 on Tumor Immunity and Immunotherapy.

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated nuclease9 (CRISPR/Cas9) gene editing technology implements precise programming of the human genome through RNA guidance. At present, it has been widely used in the construction of animal tumor models, the study of drug resistance regulation mechanisms, epigenetic control and innovation in cancer treatment. Tumor immunotherapy restores the normal antitumor immune response by restarting and maintaining the tumor-immune cycle.

Derivation and Clinical Validation of a Redox-Driven Prognostic Signature for Colorectal Cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC), a seriously threat that endangers public health, has a striking tendency to relapse and metastasize. Redox-related signaling pathways have recently been extensively studied in cancers. However, the study and potential role of redox in CRC remain unelucidated.

Effects of Tumor-Derived Exosome Programmed Death Ligand 1 on Tumor Immunity and Clinical Applications.

Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a typical immune surface protein that binds to programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) on T cells through its extracellular domain. Subsequently, T cell activity is inhibited, and tumor immune tolerance is enhanced. Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint therapy blocks the combination of PD-1/PD-L1 and rejuvenates depleted T cells, thereby inhibiting tumor growth.

LINC01272/miR-876/ITGB2 axis facilitates the metastasis of colorectal cancer via epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

At the time of diagnosis, colorectal cancer (CRC) patients are usually in an advanced stage of disease, which is accompanied by metastasis. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical regulatory roles in cancer biology. However, the contributions of lncRNA LINC01272 to CRC remain elusive.

LINC01296/miR-141-3p/ZEB1-ZEB2 axis promotes tumor metastasis via enhancing epithelial-mesenchymal transition process.

Tumor metastasis seriously affects the survival of patients. In recent years, some studies confirmed that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) played an essential role in tumor progression. A few studies reported that LINC01296 acted as an oncogenic regulator of cancer.

Long noncoding RNA SNHG15 enhances the development of colorectal carcinoma via functioning as a ceRNA through miR-141/SIRT1/Wnt/β-catenin axis.

Colon cancer, also known as colorectal carcinoma (CRC), remains to be one of the most mainsprings of cancer-produced deaths entire world. We planned to grab the role and possible biological cause of a long noncoding RNA, namely, small nucleolar RNA host gene 15 (SNHG15), in CRC. The mRNA level of SNHG15 in CRC tissues and cells was detected, followed by investigating the impacts of the depression of SNHG15 on CRC cell proliferation (viability and colony-forming), apoptosis, migration, and invasion.

Distinct prognostic value of dynactin subunit 4 (DCTN4) and diagnostic value of DCTN1, DCTN2, and DCTN4 in colon adenocarcinoma.

Background: Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is ranked as the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in both women and men, and it is the most frequently occurring malignant tumor. Dynactin is a protein compound based on multiple subunits, including dynactin 1-6 (DCTN1-6), in most categories of cytoplasmic dynein performance in eukaryotes. Nevertheless, correlations between the DCTN family and the prognosis and diagnosis of COAD remain unidentified.