Molecular self-assembled cellulose enabling durable, scalable, high-power osmotic energy harvesting.

In recent years, renewable cellulose-based ion exchange membranes have emerged as promising candidates for capturing green, abundant osmotic energy. However, the low power density and structural/performance instability are challenging for such cellulose membranes. Herein, cellulose-molecule self-assembly engineering (CMA) is developed to construct environmentally friendly, durable, scalable cellulose membranes (CMA membranes).