Insight into carbon structural variation from steam gasification of rice straw on enhancing hydrogen generation.

Converting biomass waste into hydrogen energy through gasification is a crucial pathway for producing "green hydrogen". In a fixed bed reactor, a representative biomass waste, rice straw (RS), was pyrolyzed at N, HO, CO, and O atmospheres to generate hydrogen. Solid C-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (C-NMR) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were employed to elucidate the carbon structure and functional groups of the samples.

Effect of Bayer Red Mud on the Mechanical Strength of Grouting Material.

The massive stockpiles of Bayer-process red mud (BRM) severely compromise soil integrity, necessitating the urgent development of efficient large-scale utilization strategies. BRM contains large amounts of calcium, silicon, and aluminum. Theoretically, water glass and flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGD) can increase the active substances in BRM, making it a cementitious raw material capable of replacing cement.

High-resolution angular measurement using surface-plasmon-resonance via phase interrogation at optimal incident wavelengths.

It is demonstrated that ultrahigh-resolution angular measurement can be achieved via surface-plasmon-resonance excitation in which the phase difference between p- and s-polarized reflected waves is monitored as a function of the incidence angle. Resolutions down to 1.9 x 10(-6) deg are obtained by performing the measurements at optimal incident wavelengths.