The position and morphology characteristics of multiple impacted anterior teeth in the unilateral maxillary area: A retrospective study based on cone-beam computed tomography.

Introduction: This study investigated the position and morphologic characteristics of multiple impacted anterior teeth in the unilateral maxillary area.

Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography images of 21 patients (11 males and 10 females; median age 9.42 years [9.

The differences of root morphology and root length between different types of impacted maxillary central incisors: A retrospective cone-beam computed tomography study.

Introduction: The purpose of this trial was to use 3-dimensional data to analyze the differences of root morphology and root length between 3 different types of impacted maxillary central incisors.

Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography images of 126 patients with impacted maxillary central incisors were included in this retrospective study. On the basis of the angle of the impacted incisor to the palatal plane, we categorized the tooth as labial inversely impacted, labially positioned, or palatal impacted incisor.

Attention mechanisms underlying dual-color digital visual search based on Schulte grid: An event-related potential study.

Background: Attention selection is considered to be determined by the perceptual load of cognitive tasks and attention resources that are assigned to processing-independent stimuli.

Methods: Using visual search paradigm and Schulte grid, the behavioral responses and event-related potential (ERP) of 27 pupils aged 8-11 (12 girls and 15 boys) were recorded. The subjects were asked to search for the numbers 1, 2, and 3 sequentially and locate the number 5 in the case of monochromatic (black) and bicolor (black-red) numbers.

NMDA receptors containing GluN2C and GluN2D subunits have opposing roles in modulating neuronal oscillations; potential mechanism for bidirectional feedback.

NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonists such as ketamine, can reproduce many of the symptoms of schizophrenia. A reliable indicator of NMDAR channel blocker action in vivo is the augmentation of neuronal oscillation power. Since the coordinated and rhythmic activation of neuronal assemblies (oscillations) is necessary for perception, cognition and working memory, their disruption (inappropriate augmentation or inhibition of oscillatory power or inter-regional coherence) both in psychiatric conditions and with NMDAR antagonists may reflect the underlying defects causing schizophrenia symptoms.

Mutation Spectrum of the Survival of Motor Neuron 1 and Functional Analysis of Variants in Chinese Spinal Muscular Atrophy.

Proximal spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a common fatal autosomal recessive disorder caused by deletion or mutation of the survival of motor neuron 1 (SMN1). Here, we studied SMA molecular pathology in 653 Chinese patients and found approximately 88.2% with homozygous SMN1 exon 7 deletion and 6.

[Analysis of survival motor neuron gene conversion in patients with spinal muscular atrophy].

Objective: To investigate the type and frequency of gene conversion from SMN1 to SMN2 in Chinese patients affected with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), and to explore the relationship between gene conversion and clinical phenotype.

Methods: Non-homozygous deletion of SMN1 gene exon 8 was screened among 417 patients with SMN1 exon 7 homozygous deletions. To analyze and verify the types of gene conversion, genomic DNA sequencing, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), and gene subcloning and sequencing were carried out.

[Effects of yi-zhi II on synaptic structure of hippocampal CA3 and maintenance of memory].

Aim: To study the effects of yi-zhi II (a compond of Chinese Traditional Medicine) on the alteration of synaptic structure in hippocampal CA3 and maintenance of memoy.

Methods: By using the method of oral administration of yi-zhi II, the step-through test and electron microscopy, the latency of step-through and synaptic structure in hippocamal CA3 were tested.

Results: (1) The mice which had been given yi-zhi II prolong significantly the latency of step through (P < 0.

Acquired dyslexia and dysgraphia in Chinese.

Understanding how the mappings between orthography and phonology in alphabetic languages are learned, represented and processed has been enhanced by the cognitive neuropsychological investigation of patients with acquired reading and writing disorders. During the past decade, this methodology has been extended to understanding reading and writing in Chinese leading to new insights about language processing, dyslexia and dysgraphia. The aim of this paper is to review reports of patients who have acquired dyslexia and acquired dysgraphia in Chinese and describe the functional architecture of the reading and writing system.