Characterizing the emission trends and pollution evolution patterns during the transition period following COVID-19 at an industrial megacity of central China.

After the resumption of work and production following the COVID-19 pandemic, many cities entered a "transition phase", characterized by the gradual recovery of emission levels from various sources. Although the overall PM emission trends have recovered, the specific changes in different sources of PM remain unclear. Here, we investigated the changes in source contributions and the evolution pattern of pollution episodes (PE) in Wuhan during the "transition period" and compared them with the same period during the COVID-19 lockdown.

[Fe(NCMe)](BF) is a bifunctional catalyst for styrene aziridination by nitrene transfer and heterocycle expansion by subsequent dipolar insertion.

The solvated iron(II) salt [Fe(NCMe)](BF) (Me = methyl) is shown to be a bifunctional catalyst with respect to aziridination of styrene. The salt serves as an active catalyst for nitrene transfer from PhINTs to styrene to form 2-phenyl-N-tosylaziridine (Ph = phenyl; Ts = tosyl, -S{O}-p-CHMe). The iron(II) salt also acts as a Lewis acid in non-coordinating CHCl solution, to catalyze heterolytic CN bond cleavage of the aziridine and insertion of dipolarophiles.

Assessing the dry impinger method for condensable particulate matter from ultra-low emission coal-fired power plant measurement.

The dry impinger method is commonly used for the determination of condensable particulate matter (CPM) emissions. The coil and chamber condenser is used to build different dry impinger methods for CPM sampling. The comparative analysis of coil and chamber condenser is performed in a laboratory experiment to evaluate the deviation caused by SO.

[Effect of WESP on Emission Characteristics of Condensable Particulate Matter from Ultra-low Emission Coal-fired Power Plants].

In order to study the effect of wet electrostatic precipitators(WESP) on emission characteristics of condensable particulate matter (CPM) from ultra-low emission coal-fired power plants that are under different capacity conditions, a set of CPM sampling devices was built based on US EPA Method 202, and an ultra-low emission coal-fired power plant was detected. This study evaluated the emission level of the CPM from the flue gas of coal-fired power plants, the effects of different unit capacity conditions on the CPM emission concentrations, and the removal efficiency of WESP for different components of the CPM. The results suggested that the emission concentrations of the CPM from ultra-low emission power plants were 27.

Nonlinear response of SIA to emission changes and chemical processes over eastern and central China during a heavy haze month.

This study used a chemical transport model to investigate the response of secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA) to chemical processes and its precursor emissions over northern and southern city-clusters of China in January 2014. Unexpectedly, SIA concentrations with low levels of precursor emissions were much higher over the southern regions than those over the northern region with high levels of precursor emissions, based on ground observations and high-precision simulations. The sensitivity analysis of chemical processes suggests that the gas-phase chemistry was a critical factor determining the SIA pattern, especially the higher efficiency of nitrogen conversion to nitrate in southern cities controlled by favorable meteorological elements than that in northern city.

A Spatial-Temporal Resolved Validation of Source Apportionment by Measurements of Ambient VOCs in Central China.

Understanding the sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is essential in the implementation of abatement measures of ground-level ozone and secondary organic aerosols. In this study, we conducted offline VOC measurements at residential, industrial, and background sites in Wuhan City from July 2016 to June 2017. Ambient samples were simultaneously collected at each site and were analyzed using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/flame ionization detection system.

Effect of residential exposure to green space on maternal blood glucose levels, impaired glucose tolerance, and gestational diabetes mellitus.

Background: Residential surrounding green spaces can affect human health. However, limited studies have examined their impacts on maternal blood glucose homeostasis outcomes.

Objective: We examined the associations of residential exposure to green space with maternal blood glucose levels, gestational impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Residential exposure to green space and early childhood neurodevelopment.

Background: A few studies reported that exposure to high levels of residential surrounding green spaces was associated with better cognitive development in primary school children. However, no studies have been conducted to examine such association in early childhood.

Objectives: We investigated the association between residential exposure to green space and early childhood neurodevelopment, and further explored the mediation effects of traffic-related air pollution and maternal physical activity on this association.

Prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter, maternal hemoglobin concentration, and fetal growth during early pregnancy: associations and mediation effects analysis.

Background: Fetal essential organ development is completed during early pregnancy which is important for fetal and postnatal health. However, the effect of exposure to PM on fetal growth during early pregnancy is less studied and the related mechanisms are largely unknown.

Methods: We conducted a birth cohort study of 1945 pregnant women with measurement of the fetal crown to rump length (CRL) by ultrasound between the gestational age of 11 and 14 weeks.

Exposure to ambient fine particulate matter during pregnancy and gestational weight gain.

Background: Gestational weight gain (GWG) is increasingly reported to be associated with adverse birth outcomes. However, the effect of PM exposure during pregnancy on GWG is unknown.

Objectives: We investigated the associations between the exposure to PM and GWGs during three pregnancy trimesters based on a prospective birth cohort.

Maternal exposure to ambient air pollutant and risk of oral clefts in Wuhan, China.

Maternal exposure to ambient air pollution has been related to oral clefts in offspring; however, the epidemiologic evidence is equivocal. Especially, the association between high levels of exposure to ambient air pollution during pregnancy and oral clefts remains unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether high levels of maternal exposure to PM, PM, O, CO and SO are related to increased risk of oral clefts in Wuhan, China.

Source tagging modeling study of heavy haze episodes under complex regional transport processes over Wuhan megacity, Central China.

Wuhan as a megacity of Central China was suffering from severe particulate matter pollution according to previous observation studies, however, the mechanism behind the pollution formation especially the impact of regional chemical transport is still unclear. This study, carried out on the Nested Air Quality Prediction Modeling System (NAQPMS) coupled with an on-line source-tagging module, explores different roles regional transport had in two strong haze episodes over Wuhan in October 2014 and quantitatively assesses the contributions from local and regional sources to PM concentration. Validation of predictions based on observations shows modeling system good skills in reproducing key meteorological and chemical features.

Association between prenatal care utilization and risk of preterm birth among Chinese women.

It is recognized that prenatal care plays an important role in reducing adverse birth. Chinese pregnant women with medical condition were required to seek additional health care based on the recommended at least 5 times health care visits. This study was to estimate the association between prenatal care utilization (PCU) and preterm birth (PTB), and to investigate if medical conditions during pregnancy modified the association.

Symptoms of anxiety and depression during pregnancy and their association with low birth weight in Chinese women: a nested case control study.

This study is a nested case control study from a population-based cohort study conducted in Wuhan, China. The aim is to estimate the association between symptoms of depression during pregnancy (DDP), anxiety during pregnancy(ADP), and depression with anxiety during pregnancy (DADP) and low birth weight (LBW) and to examine the extent to which preterm birth (PTB) moderates these associations. Logistic regression analyses were used to model associations between DDP, ADP, and DADP and LBW.

Ozone and Other Air Pollutants and the Risk of Congenital Heart Defects.

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether high levels of maternal exposure to O, SO, NO, CO are related to increased risk of congenital heart defects (CHDs) in Wuhan, China. The study included mothers living in the central districts of Wuhan during pregnancy over the two-year period from June 10, 2011 to June 9, 2013. For each study participant, we assigned 1-month averages of O, SO, NO and CO exposure based on measurements obtained from the nearest exposure monitor to the living residence of mothers during their early pregnancy period.

Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Small for Gestational Age Births in Chinese Women.

Background: Both high and low prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) has been associated with small for gestational age births (SGA; birthweight below the population specific 10th centile for the gestational age), but results remain inconsistent. We examined the association between maternal BMI and SGA, and evaluated if the associations were modified by preterm birth (being born prior to 37 weeks) status.

Methods: A population-based cohort study was conducted in Wuhan, China from June 2011, to June 2013.

Ambient Air Pollution and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Wuhan, China.

Background: Several recent studies have suggested that maternal exposures to air pollution and temperature extremes might contribute to low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth (PTB), and other outcomes that can adversely affect infant health. At the time the current study began, most other studies had been conducted in the United States or Europe. Dr.

Relationship Between Common Mental Disorder Symptoms During Pregnancy and Preterm Birth Among Chinese Women in Wuhan.

Objectives Few studies focus on the symptoms of common mental disorders during pregnancy (CMDP) and risk of preterm birth subtypes (PTB). The purpose of this study was to estimate the association between CMDP and PTB, and to examine whether or not the association between CMDP and PTB varies with the subtype of PTB in Chinese. Methods This population-based case control study, conducted in Wuhan, China, defined cases as every pregnant woman who had a PTB among all births in Wuhan, from June 10, 2011, to June 9, 2013.

Maternal exposure to air pollutant PM2.5 and PM10 during pregnancy and risk of congenital heart defects.

Maternal exposure to ambient air pollution has increasingly been linked to congenital heart defects (CHDs). The objective of this study was to evaluate whether high levels of maternal exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 are related to increased risk of CHDs in Wuhan, China.

Ambient air pollution and preterm birth: A prospective birth cohort study in Wuhan, China.

Importance: Although studies in western countries suggest that ambient air pollution is positively associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, the upper levels of pollutant exposures have been relatively low, thus eroding confidence in the conclusions. Meanwhile, in Asia, where upper levels of exposure have been greater, there have been limited studies of the association between air pollution and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Objective: The primary objective was to evaluate whether high levels of pollution, including particulate matter pollution with a mass median aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.

Utilization of solar energy in sewage sludge composting: fertilizer effect and application.

Three reactors, ordinary, greenhouse, and solar, were constructed and tested to compare their impacts on the composting of municipal sewage sludge. Greenhouse and solar reactors were designed to evaluate the use of solar energy in sludge composting, including their effects on temperature and compost quality. After 40 days of composting, it was found that the solar reactor could provide more stable heat for the composting process.

Engineering toward a bacterial "endoplasmic reticulum" for the rapid expression of immunoglobulin proteins.

Antibodies are well-established as therapeutics, and the preclinical and clinical pipeline of these important biologics is growing rapidly. Consequently, there is considerable interest in technologies to engineer and manufacture them. Mammalian cell culture is commonly used for production because eukaryotic expression systems have evolved complex and efficient chaperone systems for the folding of antibodies.

Structural and spectroscopic trends in a series of half-sandwich scorpionate complexes.

Fifteen half-sandwich scorpionate complexes [(L)M(NCMe)(3)](BF(4))(n) (L = tris(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)methane, Tpm(Me,Me), n = 2, 1(M), M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni; L = tris(3-phenylpyrazol-1-yl)methane, Tpm(Ph), n = 2, 2(M), M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni; L = hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)borate, [Tp(Me,Me)](-), n = 1, 3(M), M = Fe, Co, Ni; L = hydrotris(3-phenyl-5-methylpyrazol-1-yl)borate, [Tp(Ph,Me)](-), n = 1, 4(M), M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) were prepared by addition of the tripodal ligands to solvated [M(NCMe)(x)](2+) (M = Mn, x = 4; M = Fe, Co, Ni, x = 6) precursor complexes. The product complexes were characterized by (1)H NMR (except M = Mn), UV-vis-NIR, and FTIR spectroscopy. The structures of 2(Mn), 2(Ni), 3(Fe), 3(Co), and 4(Fe) were determined by X-ray crystallography.

Part 2. Association of daily mortality with ambient air pollution, and effect modification by extremely high temperature in Wuhan, China.

Fewer studies have been published on the association between daily mortality and ambient air pollution in Asia than in the United States and Europe. This study was undertaken in Wuhan, China, to investigate the acute effects of air pollution on mortality with an emphasis on particulate matter (PM*). There were three primary aims: (1) to examine the associations of daily mortality due to all natural causes and daily cause-specific mortality (cardiovascular [CVD], stroke, cardiac [CARD], respiratory [RD], cardiopulmonary [CP], and non-cardiopulmonary [non-CP] causes) with daily mean concentrations (microg/m3) of PM with an aerodynamic diameter--10 pm (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), or ozone (O3); (2) to investigate the effect modification of extremely high temperature on the association between air pollution and daily mortality due to all natural causes and daily cause-specific mortality; and (3) to assess the uncertainty of effect estimates caused by the change in International Classification of Disease (ICD) coding of mortality data from Revision 9 (ICD-9) to Revision 10 (ICD-10) code.